The use and utilization areas of geographic information system (GIS) increase every day due to both enabling easiness in storing, updating, grouping, analyzing, correlating, and mapping of data about evaluation factors in planning studies and having quite low error margin depending on the accuracy of data stored. In fact, GIS is also used both in visualization and in various analyses in planning tourism terrains. In this study, the effectiveness of GIS on holistic evaluation of natural and cultural resources in planning tourism terrains was analyzed. Natural and cultural resources in Kayseri Yahyalı were quantified by using ArcGIS 9.3 software from GIS software; data were analyzed and potential tourism and recreation terrains, level of suitability, and rate of coverage were determined. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that 11.847 ha area (6,53%) was quite suitable for such kind of activities, 103.010 ha (56,77%) was suitable, 39.278 ha (21,65%) was less suitable, and 27.314 ha area (15,05%) was not suitable. In the next stage, landscape properties which are suitable for tourism and recreation were evaluated and landscape types were classified in the sense of their tourist attraction. It was determined that the water resources and valley landscapes were the basic sources of the tourism and recreation activities of Yahyalı, and it was determined that the landscape of the forest and mountain was important for variety of the tourism and recreation activities of Yahyalı.

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Aim :Methodology : Results :Interpretation :Allelochemicals present in some plants exert inhibitory effects on growth and development of other plants. This study was carried out due to the observation of weak development in the ryegrass under Scots Pine to explore whether allelochemicals contained by the leaves of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris sp.) plant had an inhibitory effect on germination ability and development of Lolium multiflorum 'Casamba', Agrostis tenuis 'Highland' and Festuca arundinacea 'Apache' culture forms among ryegrass plants.Extracts collected from dried Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris sp.) leaves were applied to -1 specified grass seeds at different test concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g l ). Control group was incubated with distilled water, while treatment groups were incubated with 4 ml of prepared extracts.Findings indicated that these extracts had inhibitory effects on germination and growth in grass plants depending on the seed type and applied concentrations. Among these analyzed three species, the highest allelopathic (inhibitory) effect dependent to concentrations was observed in A. tenuis, while the lowest allelopathic effect was observed in L. multiflorum species.Allopathic effect should be considered when ryegrass is planted under the pine trees to prevent economic losses. Journal of Environmental Biology

Kırsal ve kentsel peyzajlar çeşitli faktörlerin etkisiyle şekillenirler. Bu peyzajların özellik ve değerlerinin tespiti peyzajların kullanımlarını yönlendirmektedir. Bu çalışmada Ordu kenti için kentsel yapısal peyzaj karakter analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın materyalini Ordu kenti oluşturmakta olup, mücavir alan sınırları ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışmada Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ile veri işlenmesi sonucu elde edilmiş haritalar ve haritalardan elde edilmiş çeşitli istatistiklere dayalı peyzaj karakter analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır.Çalışmanın amacı, kentin yapısal mevcut durumunun ortaya koyulması ve kente ilişkin verilerin derlenmesi sonucunda kentin gelecek gelişim planlarına yön verilmesi ve planlama alt yapısı hazırlamaktır.

ÖZET: Flora turizmi; ekoturizmin bir alt dalı olarak ortaya çıkan günübirlik geziler, doğa yürüyüşleri ve piknikler ile başlayıp, doğayı tanımak, bitkileri incelemek, yeşilin içerisine karışarak doğadan alacağı bir numune bitkiyi kendi yaşam mekanlarına katma aktivitelerinin tümünü içermektedir. Bu çalışma sahip olduğu doğal kaynak değerleri açısından oldukça zengin biyolojik çeşitliliğe sahip olan Oltu ve Olur İlçelerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma alanını oluşturan Oltu ve Olur ilçeleri Erzurum ekolojik dağ bozkırı alt ekolojik bölgesinde yer almaktadır. Araştırma alanına Nisan-Kasım aylarında 2008-2011 yılları arasında toplam13 kere gidilmiştir. Alanda yerinde yapılan gözlem ve incelemeler sonucu peyzaj planlama çalışmalarında önem taşıyan çeşitli bitki materyalleri toplanarak teşhis ettirilmiştir. Çalışma alanında yaklaşık 1000 ila 3000m arasında değişen yüksekliklerde yol kenarları, ormanlık alanlar, su kenarları, dağlık kayalık alanlar ve vadi tabanlarında floristik özellikleriyle dikkat çeken 4'ü endemik olmak üzere 82 bitki türü tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ışığında çalışma alanının flora turizmi potansiyeline yönelik çeşitli değerlendirmeler ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Coğrafi Bilgi Sitemi (CBS), Erzurum, flora turizmi, Oltu-Olur, yer örtücü bitkiler ABSTRACT: Flora tourism includes all of the activities emerged as a day trips, nature walks, picnics, get to know the nature, studying the plants, take a sample from nature plants into their living spaces sub-branch of ecotourism. This study was conducted in Oltu and Olur district that which has a very rich biodiversity and natural resources in terms of value with. Oltu and Olur districts in the study area is located Erzurum ecological mountain steppe in the bottom of ecological regions. Research areas were made a total of 13 times between 2008-2011 in April and November. Results of field observations and analysis carried out in various Ground cover plants that important in landscape planning were collected and diagnosis. In addition, It was created as well as a table with the help of GPS the coordinates of the plants were picked up from field. Then the data of the high landscape value of some plants is processed Ministry of defence of the map which 1 / 25,000 scale consisting of 44 parts by using the map GIS program. Many plant that total of 82 plant species endemic in four of them species of varying that remarkable floristic features, height between about 1000 and 3000 have been identified in the study area that roadsides, forests, water edge, mountainous and rocky areas in the valley bottom. As a result, the area of the flora tourism potential was made in a variety of assessments and proposals.