Drought stress is one of the most limiting factors in agricultural productivity because of its highly negative effect on photosynthesis and growth of plants. The main objectives of this study were to determine the performance of four selected safflower genotypes (Remzibey, Dinçer, Balcı and TRE-ASL09/14) against drought stress. The relationship between water use efficiency (WUE) and δ 13 C (isotope discrimination) was investigated under well watered (60%) and drought stress (30%) irrigation in controlled conditions in a green house. The result showed that drought stress clearly reduced plant biomass, leaf area, leaf number, relative water content (RWC), specific leaf weight (SLW), WUE and δ 13 C in all genotypes, while chlorophyll increased under drought stress. There were significant differences between performances of all safflower genotypes in terms of response to drought stress. High WUE and low δ 13 C discrimination under drought stress were inversely associated with a strong regression relationship (R 2 =0.75). The analysis of δ 13 C revealed a substantial variation in water use efficiency among the genotypes under drought stress. It was revealed that low δ 13 C discrimination types had high WUE, RWC and total biomass under drought stress. Thus, the ability of the low δ 13 C genotypes (high water use efficiency, WUE) to maintain higher RWC may provide a good indication of the differences in drought tolerance of safflower genotypes differing in δ 13 C. Overall, on the basis of the consistent percentage reductions in plant heights, total dry weight, leaf area, RWC, WUE and low δ 13 C, the TRE-ASL09/14 new breeding line was found to be more drought tolerant when compared with the other safflower hybrids under drought stress. As a result of our study it is suggested that there is a strong relationship between WUE and lower δ 13 C under drought stress, indicating that it may be used as a selection criterion for developing safflower genotypes with drought tolerance.

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) realizes about fifteen pulses (primary and minor) such as dry peas, black beans, chickpeas, roman bean, beans, and lentils etc. cultivated worldwide over a hundred countries. Similarly pulses especially bean, chickpea and lentil are really popular in Turkish Cuisine culture and there are many meals made with the pulses in Turkey. Thus, seed quality of the pulses is too significant for producers to be sold at higher prices. Moreover, it is also important for human health with over nutrition rates and has high levels of minerals as well as folate and other B-vitamins and diminished rate of diseases particularly resulting from obesity due to the high level of fiber and protein rates. But pulses seeds have also antinutritional factors such as some enzyme inhibitors (trypsin and chymotrypsin proteinase inhibitors), phytic acid, flatulence factors, lectins and saponins, and some different allergens. The factors cause some health problem such as mineral (Fe, Zn, Mg etc.) deficiency of human body. So, we prepared the review to show situation of some pulses in Turkey and in the world and to explain some antinutritional factors (secondary metabolites) of pulses seeds besides some nutritional characteristics.

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Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the major crops around the world. It has been produced for the food industry both as a carbohydrate and oil source in past decades. The purpose of research was to determine the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) fertilization on nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) and fatty acid composition of corn seed. The study was carried out as a field experiment, randomized block design, including two different applications: fertilized (250-80-80 kg NPK ha-1) and unfertilized (control). The result of study indicating that fertilized (NPK) significantly affected saturated fatty acid content of seed as compared to control. Under the fertilize conditions lignoceric and arachidic acids were significantly increased, whereas myristic and palmitic acids were decreased. On the other hand, fertilization had no significant changing on unsaturated fatty acid content observed except eicosenoic acid. Moreover, Mn content of seed was decreased, while the other nutrient contents of seed were increased under the fertilized conditions. It could also suggested that further breeding work toward increasing oil content and especially unsaturated fatty acid composition with fertilization programs.

Girişünya'da insanların beslenmesinde ilk sıralarda yer alan buğday kültür bitkisi 2012 yılı verilerine göre yaklaşık 216 milyon hektar ile tahıllar içerisinde en fazla ekim alanına sahip olmuştur. Son on yıl içerisinde (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) dünyada buğday ekim alanı 207 ile 216 milyon hektar arasında değişiklik göstermiştir, üretim bakımından ise son 5 yıl içerisinde artan dünya verim ortalamasına bağlı olarak üretimde artışlar yaşanmıştır. Buğday üretim bakımından ise mısır ve çeltikten sonra 674 milyon ton ile üçüncü sırada yer almıştır. Türkiye dünya buğday ekim alanı içerisinde yıllar arasında değişmekle birlikte %3 ile 3.5 Öz Dünya'da ve ülkemizde tarımsal üretimde ilk sırada yer alan ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) başta insan beslenmesinde önemini korumaktadır. Çalışmamızda Ege Bölgesinde ve ülkemizin farklı ekolojik koşullarında yetiştirilen 15 adet ekmeklik buğday çeşidine yönelik kalite potansiyellerinin ortaya konulması amacıyla ekmeklik kalite özellikleri, hamur özellikleri ile beslenme fizyolojisi açısından özellikler incelenmiştir. Bazı sonuçlara göre protein içeriklerinin %10.7-18.7, nişasta miktarlarının %56.4-65.2, gluten miktarlarının %26.7-33.5, sedimantasyon miktarlarının 19-31 ml, düşme sayısının 283-404 s ve su alma oranlarının ise %58.8-69.3 arasında değişim gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Çeşitlere ait ve DPPH radikali yöntemine göre yapılan toplam antioksidan aktivite içerikleri ise %11.89-26.33 arasında değişmiştir. Kükürtlü aminoasitler olan metiyonin aminoasidin içeriği 0.22-0.37 g/100 g un arasında, sistin aminoasidin içeriği ise 0.494-0.706 g/100 g un arasında değişmiştir. Sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, çeşitler arasında istatistiksel anlamda yüksek düzeyde önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Yapılan çalışma ile ülkemizde yaygın olarak yetiştirilen ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerin kalite potansiyelleri ve beslenme fizyolojisi bakımından önemi ortaya konulmaktadır, ayrıca ileride yapılacak kalite ve ıslah çalışmalarında incelenen özelliklerinde göz önüne alınması hedeflenmiştir. Quality Potantials and Importance in Terms of Nutrition Physiology of Some Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties AbstractBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ranks first in agricultural production in the world and our country that remains particularly important in human nourishment. In this study, bread making quality, dough properties and nutritional physiology features were examined in order to determine quality potentials of 15 bread wheat varieties which are grown in Aegean region and different ecological conditions in Turkey. According to obtained results; protein content 10.7-18.7%, starch amount 56.4-65.2%, gluten content 26.7-33.5%, sedimentation amount 19-31 ml, falling number 283-404 s and water absorption rate %58.8-69.3 values were obtained from analyzed parameters. Total antioxidant activity analyzed due to DPPH radical scavenging method and values of varieties changed between 11.89-26.33%. Besides the results obtained from sulphurous aminoacids ranged between...