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The effects of extraction conditions on the yield of polysaccharides from the fruit of Chaenomeles sinensis (FCS) using a hot compressed water method were investigated. The results showed that an appropriately high temperature (150 °C) and a moderate extraction time (45 min) at a material to water ratio of 1 to 10 g/mL led to a high yield of alcohol precipitation polysaccharide (PA). The purified polysaccharides (CSP-1, CSP-2, and CSP-3) were successfully obtained using a DEAE-52 chromatographic column. Chemical analysis showed that CSP-2 and CSP-3 were homogenous and exhibited characteristics of esterified pectins, whereas CSP-2 mainly consisted of galacturonic acid (GalA), galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara), rhamnose (Rha), and mannose (Man) with an average molecular weight of 59.1 kDa. Furthermore, CSP-1 possessed stronger antioxidant ability according to DPPH scavenging and reducing power compared with CSP-2 and CSP-3. However, it was weaker with respect to OH scavenging. The technical data presented in this study could help the industry make use of polysaccharides from FCS as a source of pectin for a range of pharmaceutical, culinary, and cosmetic products.