Scabies is a skin disease that is still a problem with 200 million cases in 2015 in the world. Reducing the incidence of scabies, the understanding of scabies is essential since knowledge is a factor that will determine behaviour. This study aims to analyse the relationship between scabies and the level of knowledge of students in a religious boarding school. This study was a cross-sectional study with analysis using the Fisher Exact test. The incidence of scabies gathered through physical examination, and the diagnosis of scabies based on the cardinal sign such as diffuse itching presents along with either lesion in two regular spots or itchiness is present in another household member. The student's level of knowledge accessed using a questionnaire. Results showed that the incidence of scabies was quite high although most of the students have a good level of knowledge. The results show that not only knowledge but behaviour plays a vital role in one's hygiene. It concluded that there was no relationship between the level of knowledge and the incidence of scabies.

Global scabies prevalence at religious boarding school (Pesantren) is still a big problem especially in developing countries. This article describes one of the processes of the problem-solving method through community service with the objectives that members of the community behave in a healthy way towards a scabies-free Pesantren. The target audience is a pesantren consisting of students and teaching staff in urban areas. Previous results showed that there was an increase scabies incident from the first scabies screening although immediately after the first screening the students treated with anti-scabies drugs. The level of students' knowledge about scabies was the majority in the good category. This study concludes that efforts to improve students to behave in a clean and healthy living will be a long journey, requiring ongoing assistance and cooperation of various parties.

The order (sequencing) determinationof DeoxyribonucleicAcid (DNA) bases is the gene’s most basic information, using the methodof Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as its stage. A key factor of successful detection by PCR is specific PCR primer design choice. Thedetection of diversity of Mycobacterium Mannose Receptor (MMR) gene, responsible for recognizing mannosylated antigen structureof Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) by DNA sequencing of exon 7 chromosome 10p12, related to susceptiblity for PulmonaryTuberculosis(TB), was first performed in China in 2012. The purpose of this study was to find specific primerfromboth design originatedfrom the research in China/primer I and my own design/primer IIby using Primer3 software. This study was based on 10 healthy subjectsand was a preliminary study of a research titled. The Relationship of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of Macrophage MannoseReceptor Gene to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases. The examination materials consist of 3 mL of EDTA blood and DNA extraction from itsbuffy coat. The resulting DNA was processed by PCR to amplify MMR gene with primer I and II. The primer I successfully amplified DNAfragments up to 780bp while primer II only 329 bp. The MMR gene DNA sequencing analysis was performed on the amplification resultof both kinds primers by using DNA Baser and Ensembl−BLAST software. The results were different, DNA sequencing result by using theprimer I was found in several chromosomes and also in several loci. Whereas, by using the primer II, it was only found in chromosome10 and in the same locus. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the specific primer design is one of the most important factorsin the success of DNA sequencing.

Case finding and diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) infection are difficult to enforce in the field because not all primary services can do it. The 2016 TB Health Guidelines, the diagnosis of EPTB, is made by clinical, bacteriological, and or histopathological examination from the biopsy. This study analyzed tissue biopsy histopathologically and bacterial of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) slide stained (by Ziehl Neelsen method) associated with histopathological features in patients diagnosed with EPTB. The study conducted in the laboratory of Al Islam Hospital Bandung from November to December 2017. Histopathological diagnosis collected from 1,304 patients, with 760 noninfectious disease patients (58%), 461 infectious disease patients (35%), and 83 (7%) infectious and non-infectious patients. EPTB found in 10% of infectious disease patients. EPTB was mostly originating in neck lymph nodes (18 of 37 patients). The histopathological diagnosis of EPTB infection found that 36 of 37 patients showed granulomas (+), but AFB stained (+) found only in 6 of 37 slides. It is possible because of granulomas is a collection of several inflammatory cells. The lesions develop granulomatous defined by necrosis. There are fewer organisms that usually exist on the periphery both inside and outside the site of infection. This important immune reaction provides the body with protection from antigen recognition, very important in the case of mycobacterial infections. In conclusion, there is no relation between AFB and histopathological examination in patients with EPTB.

Skabies adalah penyakit kulit yang disebabkan oleh tungau Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. Di Indonesia, skabies merupakan urutan ketiga dari 12 penyakit kulit tersering. Terdapat sebelas faktor yang dapat memengaruhi prevalensi skabies di suatu komunitas salah satunya adalah kegagalan pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbandingan cure rate obat-obat antiskabies di Formularium Nasional dengan Non-Formularium Nasional. Metode penelitian ini adalah scoping review yang dilakukan dari bulan September-Desember 2020. Pencarian sistematis artikel dilakukan melalui database elektronik, yaitu PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, Google Scholar, dan Cochrane sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan tidak termasuk eksklusi serta dilakukan skrining menggunakan kriteria PICOS (Pasien, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, dan Study). Dari hasil pencarian, terdapat 17 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Dari 17 artikel, 12 artikel menunjukkan bahwa permethrin merupakan obat yang memiliki cure rate lebih baik daripada benzyl benzoate, ivermectin, gamma benzene hexachloride, dan crotamiton. Dua artikel menunjukkan ivermectin memiliki cure rate lebih tinggi daripada lindane dan sulfur. Satu artikel menunjukkan terapi kombinasi sulfur lebih baik daripada terapi tunggal. Satu artikel menunjukkan bahwa Tinospora cordifolia memiliki cure rate yang tinggi. Satu artikel menunjukkan bahwa afoxolaner dapat dijadikan obat antiskabies. Simpulan, cure rate permethrin tinggi sehingga permethrin dapat dijadikan terapi utama skabies.