The Relation of Acid Fast Bacilli with Ziehl Neelsen Staining and Histopathologic Examination of Biopsy Specimens in Extrapulmonary TB Suspected Patients

Abstract

Case finding and diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) infection are difficult to enforce in the field because not all primary services can do it. The 2016 TB Health Guidelines, the diagnosis of EPTB, is made by clinical, bacteriological, and or histopathological examination from the biopsy. This study analyzed tissue biopsy histopathologically and bacterial of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) slide stained (by Ziehl Neelsen method) associated with histopathological features in patients diagnosed with EPTB. The study conducted in the laboratory of Al Islam Hospital Bandung from November to December 2017. Histopathological diagnosis collected from 1,304 patients, with 760 noninfectious disease patients (58%), 461 infectious disease patients (35%), and 83 (7%) infectious and non-infectious patients. EPTB found in 10% of infectious disease patients. EPTB was mostly originating in neck lymph nodes (18 of 37 patients). The histopathological diagnosis of EPTB infection found that 36 of 37 patients showed granulomas (+), but AFB stained (+) found only in 6 of 37 slides. It is possible because of granulomas is a collection of several inflammatory cells. The lesions develop granulomatous defined by necrosis. There are fewer organisms that usually exist on the periphery both inside and outside the site of infection. This important immune reaction provides the body with protection from antigen recognition, very important in the case of mycobacterial infections. In conclusion, there is no relation between AFB and histopathological examination in patients with EPTB.

Comparative Analysis of LSTM and BiLSTM in Image Detection Processing

“…There are two types of lung tubercles and extrapulmonary tubercles. Pulmonary tuberculosis is a case of TB involving the lung parenchym; extrapulmonary TB involves the organs outside the parenchyme of the lung, such as the pleura, lymph gland, abdomen, joints, bones, genitourinary tract, skin, and brain membrane (Triyani, Y., 2020). It will take a while to detect tuberculosis microscopically at this stage because each liquid preparation is examined in detail under a microscope one at a time (Paul, D.C., 2022).…”

Effect of ESAT-6 on Phagocytosis Activity, ROS, NO, IFN-γ, and IL-10 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

“…Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), which usually affects the lungs. [1][2][3][4] Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular bacteria that lives and reproduces in macrophages cells and can withstand lysosomal enzymes and inhibit phagolysosomal fusion-making it difficult to eliminate due to the presence of early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10). In a dormant state, they can hide in cells for long periods without being tracked by the immune system, making the global eradication of MTB very difficult.…”