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The specific growth rate, cell final yields and extracellar carbonic anhydrase activity of the red tide alga Skeletonema costatum increased with increasing concentrations of Zn2+ from 0 to 12 pM, but decreased when Zn2+ was over 24 pM. However, cells grown under high concentrations of Zn2+ had higher activities of intracellular carbonic anhydrase than those grown under low concentrations of Zn2+. Chlorophyll a-specific light-saturated photosynthetic rate (P(Chla)), dark respiration rate (R(chla)) and apparent photosynthetic efficiency (alpha(chla)) significantly increased with increasing concentrations of Zn2+ from 0 to 3 pM, but decreased when increasing concentrations of Zn2+ from 3 to 66 pM. Photorespiration is the lowest when cells cultured in 3 pM Zn2+. The results suggest physiological activity of Skeletonema costatum is very sensitive to the prevailing concentration of Zn2+.

BACKGROUND: The optimisation of nutrient levels for the production of α-amylase by Aspergillus oryzae As 3951 in solid state fermentation (SSF) with spent brewing grains (SBG), an inexpensive substrate and solid support, was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and Box-Behnken design (BBD).

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