ObjectivesPreeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder associated with pregnancy and is the leading cause of both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Recent reports suggest that free radical-induced endothelial cell injury might be an etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effects of vitamins C and E for the prevention of preeclampsia.MethodsThis clinical trial was conducted in the year 2018 in the clinical centers of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. One hundred and sixty nulliparous women aged 18–38 years without any risk factors for preeclampsia were divided into two groups. The first group received a 400-IU/day dose of vitamin E orally and a 1000-mg/day dose of vitamin C with iron tablets during 20–24 weeks of pregnancy, while the control group received only iron tablets. Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequency distribution tables.ResultsThe incidence of preeclampsia in the control group was 17.5% and in the intervention group was 5%, which was significantly different. The mean systolic pressures before and after intervention were 99.43 ± 7.8 and 12.44 ± 19.1, respectively, in the control group, and 99.3 ± 8.3 and 106.12 ± 13.25, respectively, in the intervention group (P < 0.001). The mean diastolic pressures before and after intervention in the control group were 62.7 ± 13.6 and 62.7 ± 4.7 (P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionThe results of this study show that vitamins C and E have protective effects against preeclampsia by alleviating the overall blood pressure.

Introduction: Infertility is mediated by several changes system-wide. These changes are likely to cause other systems-related pathologies, such as changes in systemic immune response, particularly inflammatory response can lead to cardiovascular diseases and breast cancer. Methods: These morbidities can exist immediately or years after the diagnosis of infertility. Therefore, understanding the mechanism is important to move toward therapeutic interventions. Results: Several extragonadal pathologies are reported due to infertility, as well as, how these might also contribute to reproductive disabilities. Detailed evidence are still not present that can give stronger result. Conclusion: This review highlights some of the most frequent comorbidities that are seen in infertile women, hence requiring a need for complete clinical screening and care, as well as diagnosis and treatment in early stages. K E Y W O R D S extragonadal comorbidities, infertile women, infertility 1 | INTRODUCTION Up to 18% of general population is prone to infertility. 1 However, fewer studies target coexisting pathologies with infertility. Infertility is not a remote pathology and it can proffer effects on various systems in the body. Women infertility can have several causes, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, tubal blockage, and hydrosalpinges. 2-4 Despite, availability of diversity of treatment options, prevalence extragonadal pathologies might influence the treatment outcomes for infertility. 5,6 Certain dietary intake can also elevate the risk to attain infertility. 7 A study reports genital infections like those in vagina, uterus, and ovaries that greatly contributes to infertility rather than cardiovascular factors. 8 PCOS is characterized by various phenotypes (Figure 1) and thereby existence of comorbidities varies according to each category. In general, these women present elevated body mass index (BMI), follicle count

Genital herpes is one of the sexually transmitted diseases that is reported with a greater incidence of primary and secondary recurrence. In this study, olive leaf extract was used for its antiviral properties to treat the infection. The randomized‐clinical trials using such a therapeutic approach are required in this field.

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: Infertility is defined as inability to conceive pregnancy after one year or more of unprotected sex, among the women at the risk of conceiving pregnancy. In addition, to age-factor, it is known to be associated with pathological and genetic conditions that contribute to its early onset. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, fibroids and blockade in fallopian tubes are certain common pathological causes of female infertility. Researches are focused to eradicate primary cause of infertility in order to achieve healthy fertile ground for fertilization. Depending on the cause, therapeutic options include, medicines (chemical, herbal and Chinese), hormonal stimulation, surgery, assistive reproductive technology and tissue engineering. To the extent of research, biotechnology has played significant role to answer the problem. This review discusses advancements in these therapeutic fields, in order to treat women-associated infertility.