A new isolate (Mg-mungbean-1) of yellow mosaic virus (YMV) was identified and characterized from mungbean growing in mid-hill condition of Meghalaya, India. Full genome of components (DNA A and DNA B; NCBI accessions number KU95030 and KU95031, respectively) of the virus were amplified through rolling circle amplification and sequenced. Both, DNA A and DNA B shared a common region (CR) with 90.4% similarity. The DNA A of Mg-mungbean-1 showed maximum (97.59%) nucleotide identity with mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) isolate (HF922628) reported from West Bengal, India and DNA B showed ~ 96% nucleotide identity with mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) isolates having variant DNA B. Phylogenetic tree of DNA A also identified Mg-mungbean-1 as a MYMIV. Based on DNA B the current isolate grouped with the variant Indian MYMV isolates. One recombination event in the CR of DNA B of Mg-mungbean-1 was detected, where MYMV:India:clonePB1 and MYMIV:India:cloneMBB-B31 have been identified as major and minor parents, respectively. Overall, the current study indicated occurrence of an isolate of MYMIV with a recombinant DNA B component on mungbean from mid-hills of Meghalaya, India. To the best of our knowledge this is the first molecular characterization of YMV from northeast India.

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A total of 32 seed samples collected from 11 locations were tested for associated seed borne mycoflora by using blotter method and Agar plate method. In blotter method, eight mycoflora were identified based on spore morphology namely, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium sp., Bipolaris oryzae, Penicillium sp. and Trichoconis padwickii. Most frequently occurring fungi genera were Bipolaris (25.76%), followed by Fusarium (20.92%) and least in case of Penicillium (3.33%). While in agar plate (PDA), maximum of 10 seed mycoflora like A. alternata, A. flavus, A. niger, C. lunata, Fusarium sp., Bipolaris sp., Nigrospora sp., Pencillium sp., T. padwickii and Trichoderma sp. were observed. Maximum percent occurrence was observed in genus Fusarium (22.67%), Curvularia (20.06%) and least in Nigrospora (0.15%) and Trichoconis (0.15%) respectively. Agar plate method showed maximum number of mycoflora on seeds than blotter method. However, it was observed that Bipolaris was predominant in blotter method and Fusarium in agar plate method.