Resumo. O manejo nutricional para cães e gatos nefropatas com restrições, alivia os sintomas renais, reduz a progressão da doença e auxilia na melhora nutricional corroborando para uma melhor qualidade de vida. Diante deste contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar na literatura o manejo nutricional de cães e gatos nefropatas. O tratamento atualmente é conservativo e tem por objetivo corrigir ou minimizar os distúrbios hídricos e eletrolíticos. O tratamento não promove a cura, porém evita o avanço da doença, reduzindo os danos graves da afecção renal no organismo do animal, afim de favorecer melhor qualidade de vida e prolongar a vida do paciente. Segundo os estudos avaliados, a nefropatia é considerada uma doença de ampla importância por ser progressiva e irreversível, portanto possui um parecer desfavorável. A alimentação adequada é um significante fator para diminuir a progressão da doença, propicia um maior tempo de vida, além de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos cães e dos gatos. No entanto, a dieta deve ser formulada de maneira individual e de acordo com o estado clínico de cada animal. Apesar dos avanços na nutrição, os estudos ainda são escassos a respeito de uma dieta ideal para os animais nefropatas.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a atividade de água (Aw) e umidade em méis de Scaptotrigona sp. produzidos em três comunidades da Reserva extrativista Tapajós - Arapiuns, Santarém/PA. Foi utilizado 9 amostras de méis, sendo 2 da comunidade de Solimões, 4 da comunidade de Carão e 3 da comunidade de Anã. As amostras foram armazenadas e refrigeradas até as análises em triplicata e utilizou-se o software SISVAR para a análise de variância pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). Os resultados obtidos para atividade de água variaram de 0,68 a 0,77, sendo o mínimo correspondente a comunidade de Anã e o máximo a comunidade de Solimões. O limite para atividade de água no mel de abelhas sem ferrão está entre 0,52 e 0,80, logo, a Aw das amostras do presente trabalho estão dentro do limite permitido para que não haja a deterioração e perda de qualidade do mel. Com relação a umidade, as médias estão entre 24,37 e 33,86, sendo a maior média de Solimões e a menor de Anã. Apesar de não haver um parâmetro oficial para méis de meliponíneos, alguns autores recomendam para esses méis umidade máxima de 35%. Logo, os teores de umidade obtidos estão dentro do recomendado, porém necessita de mais pesquisas a fim de criar uma legislação específica para méis de abelhas sem ferrão, já que este possui características distintas. PALAVRA-CHAVE: Deterioração, Microrganismos, Prateleira.

This study evaluated the fatty acid composition and qualitative characteristics of meat from lambs feed in feedlot with increasing levels of canola grain. Meat obtained from 27 lambs fed 0, 8 and 16% inclusion of canola grain were analyzed. There was a reduction in the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA): lauric, heptadecanoic, and stearic; and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA): palmitoleic, oleic, and eicosatrienoic, with the increasing levels of canola grain. There was a linear reduction for the ω3 acid and the ω3: ω6 ratio, while the ω6: ω3 ratio increased. But the values observed for this ratio (ω6: ω3) were lower than 4, which is considered a satisfactory value. There was a slight increase (~2%) for the thrombogenicity index and atherogenicity index with the inclusion of canola grain. There was a reduction in the hypocholesterolemic: hypercholesterolemic ratio, with mean values of 2.09 for the diet with 0% inclusion, and 2.06 for 8 and 16% inclusion of canola. Although the inclusion of canola grain for lambs decreased the content of some UFA, reflecting alterations in the correlated nutritional properties, there is a reduction of SFA. The results for instrumental analysis, proximate composition, and sensory acceptance of the lamb meat were similar among the treatments.

Oilseed grains are used as a protein and energy source, increasing the energy density of the feed. The goal of the present study was to determine the nutritional profile of canola, crambe and soybean grains recovered from feces, and to evaluate the intake and digestibility of nutrients, rumen fermentation parameters of beef cattle receiving whole grains of oilseeds. Three steers, 350 ± 23.5 kg body weight were distributed in a not contemporary, 3 × 3 double Latin square, and fed oilseed grains. Inclusion of crambe grain reduced dry matter intake by 21.02%, with a higher digestibility coefficient for EE and NDF. The crude protein content of canola and crambe grains recovered were similar, but the EE content was higher for the crambe grain (26.46%). Soybean showed the lowest values of chemical composition for grains recovered from feces. The highest dry matter intake (7.86 kg/day), and the lowest NDF digestibility (0.203g/kg), were found for animals fed soybean. The inclusion of crambe grains reduced the rumen ammonia content (10.97 mg/dL); however, the ruminal pH was not altered by the inclusion of grains in the diet. Canola and soybean grains can be included in the cattle diet without altering dry matter intake; while the inclusion of crambe grains reduces the dry matter intake and the ruminal ammonia content of the animals. Crambe grain showed the highest recovery of dry matter and ether extract from feces.

It was proposed to verify the effect of the total substitution of soy by canola and crambe grains in the diet of crossbred lambs, in order to evaluate the chemical, instrumental and sensory characteristics of the meat of the animals fed under these grains. Twenty-three samples of the Longissimus lumborum muscle were used, from SRD lambs (mixed breed), non-castrated males, with an average age of 70 days, average initial body weight of 20.0 ± 4.0 kg. Of the 23 animals used, seven were destined for soybean diet, eight with canola grain and eight with crambe grain. The design was completely randomized with the factor evaluated as the total replacement (100%) of the ground soybeans considered control (GSO) by ground canola beans (GCA) and ground crambe beans (GCR). The sensory analysis data were submitted to Principal Component Analysis and the centesimal and instrumental analyzes were tested in orthogonal contrasts in relation to the different grains. The ration provided was in the form of a complete diet, with 75% concentrate and 25% roughage (Brachiaria brizantha cv Piatã hay). The results showed a higher moisture content in the meat of animals fed with canola, as well as in the instrumental characteristics (loss of cooking and intensity of red). For the other characteristics, there was no effect. The sensory analysis showed that the tasters preferred the meat of animals fed with soy and canola grains, pointing to the market potential. Canola and crambe grains can replace soy in the diet of lambs finished in feedlot, without affecting the centesimal, instrumental and mainly sensory characteristics of the meat, contributing as a new grain alternative in animal production.