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Vibrational spectra of microsolvated benzonitrile radical anions (C6H5CN- -S; S = H2O and CH3OH) were measured by probing the electron detachment efficiency in the 3 microm region, representing resonance bands of autodetachment via OH stretching vibrations of the solvent molecules. The hydrogen-bonded OH band for both the cluster anions exhibited a large shift to the lower energy side with approximately 300 cm-1 compared to those for the corresponding neutral clusters. The solvent molecules are bound collinearly to the edge of the CN group of the benzonitrile anion in the cluster structures optimized with the density functional theory, in which the simulated vibrational energies are in good agreement with the observed band positions. Natural population analyses were performed for a qualitative implication in changes of solvent orientation upon electron attachment. Asymmetric band shapes depending on the vibrational modes are discussed with respect to dynamics of the autodetachment process from a theoretical aspect incorporated with density functional calculations.

/ This article discusses the environmental problems of Japan from a cultural point of view. The traditional Japanese view of nature differs from that of Western culture. During the 19th century, Japan introduced Western technology to modernize its industries as quickly as possible. Its transition into the modern industrial world was successful but resulted in serious problems. One of these was the rapid destruction Of the natural environment; another, the feeling of homelessness that the Japanese people experienced in their newly Westernized surroundings.

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Something should be done for a better global environment as soon as possible. This paper investigates the direction of management of the global environment and proposes new, concrete ideas for it.