We present the results for a perturbative determination of mass dependent improvement coefficients ν, r s , c E and c B in a relativistic heavy quark action, which we have designed to control m Q a errors by extending the on-shell O(a) improvement program to the case of m Q ≫ Λ QCD , where m Q is the heavy quark mass. The parameters ν and r s are determined from the quark propagator and c E and c B are from the on-shell quark-quark scattering amplitude. We show that all the parameters, together with the quark wave function and the mass renormalization factors, are determined free from infrared divergences once their tree level values are properly tuned. Results of these parameters are shown as a function of m Q a for various improved gauge actions.

We carry out a perturbative determination of mass dependent renormalization factors and O(a) improvement coefficients for the vector and axial vector currents with a relativistic heavy quark action, which we have designed to control m Q a errors by extending the on-shell O(a) improvement program to the case of m Q ≫ Λ QCD with m Q the heavy quark mass. We discuss what kind of improvement operators are required for the heavy-heavy and the heavy-light cases under the condition that the Euclidean rotational symmetry is not retained anymore because of the m Q a corrections. Our calculation is performed employing the ordinary perturbation theory with the fictitious gluon mass as an infrared regulator. We show that all the improvement coefficients are determined free from infrared divergences. Results of the renormalization factors and the improvement coefficients are presented as a function of m Q a for various improved gauge actions as well as the plaquette action.

Infrared spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing the molecular bonding structures of oxide films. Using parametric analysis, we could determine both real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric function of oxide thin films supported on a substrate. In this work, the complex dielectric function of a silicon dioxide thin film on a silicon substrate in the infrared region (400 -1400 cm À1 ) was determined quantitatively by fitting an optical model for the transmittance of an air/silicon/insulator/air laminated structure to experimental data. The adsorption due to the ionic vibration of siloxane bonding was parameterized with the sum of Lorentz damping oscillators convoluted with a Gaussian distribution. The incidence angle of light was changed from nearly normal (5 off) to oblique (55 -65 off), and all of the data was simultaneously fitted. Transverse optic and longitudinal optic functions were calculated from the dielectric function. Good agreement was found between the peak frequency of each function and that calculated by another method.

Organic nanolayers attract much attention for the isolation and adhesion promotion of the Cu line and insulator in Cu interconnection of microelectronic devices. This paper proposes a strategy for selective formation of adhesion nanolayer on the insulator surface with etching it on Cu surface by Cu-oxide-assisted pyrolysis. After deposition of a uniform polyelectrolyte layer on both SiO2 and Cu surfaces, heat treatment at 350 °C in ambient nitrogen was applied. Then, a larger thickness decrease was observed on the polyelectrolyte layer on Cu when compared to that on SiO2. According to the TDS and XPS analysis, the polyelectrolyte layer was relatively stable on SiO2 up to the intrinsic decomposition temperature of the material, but on the Cu surface it decomposed to volatile small molecules at a lower temperature due to Cu2O-assisted oxidization. This substrate dependent selective pyrolysis was examined for 100 nm width Cu lines and SiO2 spaces, and then a patterned polyelectrolyte layer on the SiO2 surface was obtained with a single nanometer scale edge resolution.

We study the covariant entropy bound in the context of gravitational collapse. First, we discuss critically the heuristic arguments advanced by Bousso. Then we solve the problem through an exact model: a Tolman-Bondi dust shell collapsing into a Schwarzschild black hole. After the collapse, a new black hole with a larger mass is formed. The horizon, L, of the old black hole then terminates at the singularity. We show that the entropy crossing L does not exceed a quarter of the area of the old horizon. Therefore, the covariant entropy bound is satisfied in this process.