The severity of fatty liver was positively correlated with visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance in both obese and nonobese subjects, suggesting that hepatic fat infiltration in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may be influenced by visceral fat accumulation regardless of body mass index.

Our pilot study demonstrated that treatment with liraglutide had a good safety profile and significantly improved liver function and histological features in NASH patients with glucose intolerance.

Purpose: Menatetrenone, a vitamin K2 analogue, plays an important role in the production of blood coagulation factors. Menatetrenone has also bee shown to have antineoplastic effects against several cancer cell lines including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. However, the mechanisms by which vitamin K2 inhibits HCC cell growth have not bee fully clarified, and we therefore investigated the molecular basis of vitamin K2^induced growth inhibition of HCC cells. Experimental Design: HCC cells were treated with vitamin K2 and the expression of several growth-related genes including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and cyclin D1 was examined at the mRNA and protein levels. A reporter gene assay of the cyclin D1promoter was done under vitamin K2 treatment. The regulation of nuclear factor nB (NF-nB) activation was investigated by a NF-nB reporter gene assay, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, aWestern blot for phosphorylated InB, and an in vitro kinase assay for InB kinase (IKK).We also examined the effect of vitamin K2 on the growth of HCC cells transfected with p65 or cyclin D1. Results: Vitamin K2 inhibited cyclin D1mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner in the HCC cells. Vitamin K2 also suppressed the NF-nB binding site-dependent cyclin D1 promoter activity and suppressed the basal, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)^, TNF-a^, and interleukin (IL)-1^induced activation of NF-nB binding and transactivation. Concomitant with the suppression of NF-nB activation, vitamin K2 also inhibited the phosphorylation and degradation of InBa and suppressed IKK kinase activity. Moreover, HCC cells overexpressing cyclin D1and p65 became resistant to vitamin K2 treatment. Conclusion: Vitamin K2 inhibits the growth of HCC cells via suppression of cyclin D1expression through the IKK/InB/NF-nB pathway and might therefore be useful for treatment of HCC.

Greater fat accumulation in skeletal muscle was predictive of worse overall survival after partial hepatectomy in patients with HCC, even with adjustment for other known predictors. The identification of patients with greater skeletal muscle fat accumulation before hepatectomy could permit early preventive strategies to maintain muscle quality and thus improve prognosis and patient selection for hepatectomy.

Sarcopenia is a risk factor for recurrence in patients with HCC who were treated with curative treatment.