Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik metode penelitian hukum normatif serta empiris dan kapan penggunaanya dalam sebuah penelitian hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metode penelitian normatif, metode ini dipilih karena obyek kajian penelitian adalah mengenai asas dan prinsip hukum, kaidah hukum, teori dan doktrin hukum dari para ahli hukum. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Penelitian normatif (doktrinal), yaitu penelitian terhadap hukum yang dikonsepkan dan dikembangkan atas dasar doktrin. Metode ini dimaknai sebagai penelitian hukum dalam tataran norma, kaidah, asas-asas, teori, filosofi, dan aturan hukum guna mencari solusi atau jawaban atas permasalahan baik dalam bentuk kekosongan hukum, konflik norma, atau kekaburan norma. Sedangkan Penelitian hukum empiris merupakan penelitian berkarakteristik non-doktrinal yang dilakukan melalui penelitian lapangan. Dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan data yang kemudian diolah sesuai dengan teknik analisis yang dipakai yang dituangkan dalam bentuk deskriptif guna memperoleh keadaan sebenarnya dari hukum sebagai kenyataan sosial.

Forest management in Indonesia has not yet been able to realize the constitutional mandate which was followed by uncontrolled forest destruction. Implementing a good forest government system is necessary. Therefore, it is essential to give indigenous peoples the authority to play a more critical role in forest management in the future. This study aims to find a form of sustainable forest management and sanctions for the perpetrators of forest destruction based on Dayak Kotabaru’s indigenous people. This study uses the normative juridical method that focuses on data in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. While the objectives of this study are to review and describe the problems due to the absence of legal protection for customary rights, we also examine the extent of forest management by the Dayak Kotabaru’s customary law and seek to formulate forest management solutions in Indonesia based on the local culture as a prescriptive future policy. The results of this study indicate that a large amount of permits, given by the government to the private sector for forests in possession of indigenous peoples, are overlapping and as a result have increasingly marginalized the indigenous community and acted as a drawback to development. Forest management through the local culture, such as the Bera system in Dayak Kotabaru, can be beneficial for the local community, because locals will enjoy the production of farms and gardens, the soil will be naturally fertile because of a four year interlude, and the forest will remain sustainable as less forest area is cut down.

The idea of anthropocentric environmental is the main failure of values system that is still puts the interests of humans above other creatures. Human concern for sustainable life and nature which is reflected in the local culture that upholds the concept of environmental harmony, also begins to fade with the increasing demands of human life. This legal research and writing is focuses on: (1) Finding the philosophical framework for environmental ethics to preserve the environments; (2) Examine how the paradigm of environmental ethics can be used as the direction of Indonesian environmental-legal politics. This research uses the doctrinal (normative) method in addition of conceptual and historical approach. The results of this study show that the environment according to the ecosentrime is in line with the theory of corrective justice by Aristotle, it can be interpreted as to gave 'rights' for the environment. Whereas to determine the direction of the constituendum. It is necessary to focus on improving the legal culture rather than merely increasing the law itself.

Justice is an abstract idea and understanding the core concept of various types of justice will help scholars, lawyers and law enforcement to develop and use the theory for legislative drafting, judicial review, case review, in court defense, and legal research and writing. In this paper we discussed the essence of Rawls Justice, the implication and compared it to other theories of justice. Therefore this paper will focused on examining and reviewing John Rawls idea of Justice and how to implement it in society. The method used in this study is doctrinal legal research. The result of this study while we discussed that the three Rawls principles cannot be realized together because one principle collides with another. Rawls prioritizes that the principle of the equal liberty which is lexically maximized precedes the second and third principles. However we believe Justice as Fairness in action should not mean that there is equality but rather emphasizes the concept of balance for the law in providing justice.

Trade mark not only functions as an identity but also contains economic value so there are many efforts regarding bad-faith trademark registration. This study aimed to find the concept of bad-faith registration and to know the law enforcement in Indonesia. This was a normative legal research, with statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. The results of the study showed that: first, the concept of badfaith has been regulated in