Indonesia is currently facing the double burden of malnutrition. While undernutrition is still a major public health problem, the prevalence of overnutrition is increasing. The objective of the South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) was to provide up-to-date data on nutritional status, food consumption and biochemical parameters related to nutrition for children aged 0·5-12 years. The SEANUTS study in Indonesia was conducted in a nationwide representative sample of 7·211 children using multistage cluster sampling based on probability proportional to size, stratified for geographical location, in forty-eight out of 440 districts/cities. The results show that the growth (weight for age, height for age, weight for height and BMI for age) of Indonesian pre-school-and school-aged children is below the WHO standards. The older the children, the more the deviation from the WHO standard curves. Underweight was more prevalent in rural areas (28·9 v. 19·2 %) and overweight/obesity was observed to be more widespread in urban areas (5·6 v. 3·2 %). The prevalence varied with age groups and sexes. The overall prevalence of stunting was 25·2 and 39·2 % in urban and rural areas, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was nearly 55 % in children aged 0·5-1·9 years and ranged from 10·6 to 15·5 % in children aged 2-12 years. Fe deficiency was observed in 4·1-8·8 % of the children. The percentage of children with dietary intakes of energy, protein, and vitamins A and C below the Indonesian RDA was high and differed across urban and rural areas and age groups.

Growth and development of children affected by various risk factors include malnutrition, poverty, and a less stimulated home environment. The objective of this analysis was to calculate the proportion of growth and development disorder and to determine the association of food intake and care for children with children's growth and development. Samples were 247 children aged of 0.5-1.9 years who participated in the South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) in 2011. Growth was assesed by height for age in Z-score of WHO standard. Development was measured using Denver II test. Children were divided into four groups: 1).normal height with normal development (NH-ND); 2).stunting with normal development (S-ND), 3).normal height with suspected underdevelopment (NH-SD), and 4).stunting with suspected underdevelopment (S-SD). Protein intake was divided into adequate (≥80% RDA) and inadequate (<80% RDA). Care for children was measured by the length of carrying them, categorized into ≤2 hours or >2 hours. Socio-economic status was categorized into low and high based on quintile. Age was categorized into 0.5-0.9 years and 1.0-1.9 years. Data analysis employed multi-nomial logistic regression. Proportions of NH-SD, S-ND, NH-SD and S-SD were 53.6%, 17.9%, 19.4%, and 9.1%, respectively. S-ND was associated with protein intake (OR=2.2;95%CI:1.1-4.6), aged 1.0-1.9 years (OR=6.9: 95%CI:2.2-22.1). NH-SD was associated with aged 1-1.9 years (OR=0.3; 95%CI:0.1-0.6). S-SD was associated with inadequate protein intake (OR=3.1; 95%CI:1.2-8.2), low SES and duration of carrying them more than 2 hours (OR=6.9; 95%CI:2.5-19.0). Protein intake, SES and care for children were risk factors for growth and development of children.

ABSTRACT The problem of stunting in children under five (0-59 months) is still a public health problem, especially in developing countries. This study aims to measure the prevalence of stunting and determine its sociodemography risk factors in Indonesia. This study was a nationwide survey in 514 districts consisting of 32,000 census blocks (320,000 households). The study design was cross-sectional. The population of this study was all families of children under five in all districts in Indonesia. The sample was households with children under five which were visited by Susenas (National Sociodemographic Survey) in March 2019. The data collected were the length/height of children under-five of age, gender, age (months), region (rural and urban), all provinces which were divided into 7 regions. (Java-Bali, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua), and diarrhea. The results showed that the prevalence of stunting in children under five (0-59 months) was 27.6 percent. Multivariate regression analysis showed that children 12 month old and older, living in rural areas (AOR=1,444; 95% CI: 1,442-1,447), in the Nusa Tenggara region (AOR=1,874; 95% CI: 1,866-1,882), and suffering from diarrhea (AOR=1,409; 95%CI: 1,401-1,417)  were more at risk of becoming stunted.   ABSTRAK Masalah stunting pada balita (0-59 bulan) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat terutama di negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi stunting dan faktor risiko stunting menurut sosiodemografi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan survei nasional di 514 kabupaten/kota yang terdiri dari 32.000 blok sensus (320.000 rumah tangga). Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah semua keluarga balita yang ada di seluruh kabupaten/ kota di Indonesia. Sampel adalah rumah tangga yang memiliki balita yang dikunjungi oleh Susenas Maret 2019. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah panjang/tinggi badan balita, jenis kelamin, umur (bulan), wilayah (perdesaan dan perkotaan), provinsi yang dibagi dalam 7 wilayah (Jawa bali, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua), dan penyakit diare pada balita. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi stunting pada balita (0-59 bulan) sebesar 27,6 persen. Analisis regresi multivariate menunjukkan bahwa balita yang berumur lebih dari 11 bulan, tinggal di perdesaan (AOR=1,444; 95% CI: 1,442-1,447), wilayah Nusa Tenggara (AOR=1,874; 95% CI: 1,866-1,882) dan yang menderita diare (AOR=1,409; 95%CI: 1,401-1,417)  lebih berisiko untuk menjadi stunting. [Penel Gizi Makan 2021, 44(1):71-78]

Akurasi dan interpretasi cakupan data pemberian air susu ibu (ASI) eksklusif atau menyusui eksklusif sangat penting diketahui untuk memberikan gambaran tentang status menyusui eksklusif di suatu negara. Di Indonesia data cakupan praktik menyusui eksklusif pada bayi di bawah usia 6 bulan berbeda-beda tergantung pada definisi dan metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan. Cakupan praktik menyusui eksklusif pada bayi di bawah usia 6 bulan berkisar antara 15,3 sampai 74,2 persen. Akurasi dan interpretasi data cakupan tersebut sangat penting untuk diketahui. Data cakupan tersebut menjadi berbahaya karena dapat menyebabkan kesalahan interpretasi dan menimbulkan asumsi bahwa cakupan praktik menyusui eksklusif di Indonesia sudah mencapai angka yang tinggi, dan jika hal tersebut diyakini oleh para petugas kesehatan maka upaya untuk meningkatkan cakupan praktik menyusui eksklusif akan semakin melemah. Hal ini menjadi sangat berbahaya terhadap upaya meningkatkan cakupan praktik menyusui eksklusif. Perbedaan interpretasi data survei dan definisi tentang menyusui eksklusif perlu dibahas berdasarkan sumber pustaka yang relevan. Rekomendasi berdasarkan interpretasi data cakupan praktik menyusui eksklusif hanya dapat dilakukan setelah dievaluasi secara hati-hati dan cermat terhadap definisi dan metode survey yang digunakan, Kata kunci: ASI ekslusif, akurasi, interpretasi ABSTRACT EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING: ACCURACY AND INTERPRETATION DATA SURVEY AND PROGRAM REPORTED Accuracy and interpretation of reported of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates is essential in order to understand the true picture of exclusive breastfeeding status in one country. In Indonesia, it was reported that exclusive breastfeeding rate among infants aged under six months is varied depending on its definition and data collection methods. Data of exclusive breastfed rates among infants aged under six months ranged from 15, 3% to 74, 2%. Accuracy and interpretation of these rates are important for the health program development. The danger of misinterpreting these data and false assuming that Indonesia has achieved a high exclusive breastfeeding rate by health workers lead to accept the believe that no further effort should be made in this area. This will be a potential problem for further improvement of practicing exclusively breastfeeding in fields. The difference of data survey and interpretation of various definitions of EBF should be based on the relevant literatures. It is strongly recommended that interpretation of exclusive breastfeeding rates should be carefully evaluated on the basis of its definitions and survey methods used.

South-East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) merupakan multi-center study yang dilakukan di Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand dan Vietnam yang diprakarsai oleh FrieslandCampina Belanda tahun 2011 untuk mengetahui besaran masalah gizi utama di masing-masing negara. SEANUTS merupakan studi komprehensif gizi yang mengumpulkan data antropometri gizi (berat, tinggi badan, tinggi duduk, lapisan lemak bawah kulit, lingkaran lengan atas, lebar lengan tangan, siku, lutut), biokimia gizi (vitamin A, D, Hb, ferritin, DHA), iodium urine, perkembangan mental/ kognitif dan motorik, aktivitas fisik, kualitas tulang, konsumsi makanan, dan morbiditas. Tulisan ini menjelaskan desain umum SEANUTS. Desain SEANUTS adalah studi potong lintang (cross-sectional). Sampel adalah anak umur 0,5-12,9 tahun sebanyak 7211 anak yang dipilih dengan metode two-stage randomized cluster sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, pengamatan, pengukuran, dan pemeriksaan sesuai dengan data yang dikumpulkan. Enumerator terlatih mengumpulkan data morbiditas, antropometri, aktivitas fisik, kualitas tulang, perkembangan mental dan kognisi, konsumsi makanan, urin. Pemeriksaan klinis oleh tenaga medis setempat, pengambilan darah oleh plebotomis. Tulisan-tulisan dalam nomor majalah ini berisi hasil deskriptif tentang besaran masalah gizi makro dan mikro di Indonesia, konsumsi makanan, aktivitas fisik, dan perkembangan mental, sedangkan tulisan ini menjelaskan desain umum SEANUTS.