A novel Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, CMS T , isolated from soil was characterized using phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the organism belongs phylogenetically to the genus Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas monteilii, P. plecoglossicida and P. mosselii were the most closely related species, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the respective type strains of 99.79, 99.73 and 99.59 %. Relatively low gyrB gene sequence similarities (,90 %) and DNA-DNA reassociation values (,51 %) were obtained between the strain and its phylogenetically closest neighbours. The G+C content of strain CMS T was 62.7 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were C 18 : 1 v7c, summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 v7c and/or iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH), C 16 : 0 and C 10 : 0 3-OH.

Strain FIRDI 006 T , isolated from silage cattle feed, was characterized by using phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. The strain was a homofermentative lactic acid bacterium; the cells stained Gram-positive and were catalase-negative, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic rods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain belongs phylogenetically to the genus Lactobacillus and can be placed within the Lactobacillus acidophilus-delbrueckii group. Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus johnsonii were the most closely related species, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.53 and 99.46 % to the respective type strains. Low gyrB gene sequence similarities (,90 %) and low DNA-DNA reassociation values (,45 %) were obtained between the strain and the phylogenetically closest neighbours. Based on phenotypic and genetic evidence, the strain is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Lactobacillus taiwanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FIRDI 006 T (5BCRC 17755 T 5DSM 21401 T ).

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A Gram-stain-positive strain, 8 H-2T, was isolated from faeces of Reeves’ muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) barking deer in Taiwan. Cells of the strain were short rod-shaped, non-motile, non-haemolytic, asporogenous, facultatively anaerobic, heterofermentative and did not exhibit catalase and oxidase activities. Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA, pheS and dnaA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was a member of the genus Weissella . On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the type strains of Weissella oryzae (99.2 %), Weissella confusa (97.8 %), Weissella cibaria (97.6 %) and Weissella soli (97.3 %) were the closest neighbours to strain 8 H-2T. The concatenated housekeeping gene sequence (pheS and dnaA) similarities of 8 H-2T to closely related type strains were 72.5–84.9 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.5 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values with these type strains were 70.2–75.4% and 25.1–30.1 %, respectively. Phenotypic and genotypic test results demonstrated that strain 8 H-2T represents a novel species belonging to the genus Weissella , for which the name Weissella muntiaci sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 8 H-2T (=BCRC 81133T=NBRC 113537T).

The family Methanocalculaceae comprises hydrogen- and formate-utilizing methanogens. Here, we report two additional draft genome sequences of Methanocalculaceae , those of Methanocalculus taiwanensis P2F9704a T (equivalent to BCRC 16182 T and DSM 14663 T ) and Methanocalculus chunghsingensis K1F9705b T (equivalent to DSM 14646 T and OCM 772 T ), which were selected for further species delineation and comparative genomic analyses.