No abstract

The concept of creativity, which is effective in the emergence of a new product by using thought and imagination, contributes to the development of an innovative understanding in the working environment. In the development of this innovative understanding, the creativity level of the culinary employees in the field of food and beverage services emerges as a necessity arising from the characteristics of the goods and services offered. For this reason, the aim of the study is to examine the creativity perception levels of culinary employees in the field of food and beverage services in terms of demographic factors. The universe of the research consists of culinary employees working in the field of food and beverage services in Turkey. Within the scope of the research, the percentage, frequency, standard deviation and average values are included in relation to the data obtained by applying a survey form to 400 culinary employees in various positions. And then, the independent sample t-test and one way variance analysis (Anova) results regarding the variables of the employees' gender, age range, education level, professional experience, type of food and beverage business, position and duration of work are included. In the study, it was determined that the creativity perception level of the culinary employees is at a high level. It was concluded that the creativity perception level of culinary employees differed significantly according to the variables of gender, age range, education level, professional experience, type of food and beverage business, position and duration of work. In addition, some suggestions are included within the scope of the research, and it is thought that the research will contribute to both the literature and other researchers.

After the end of the Eastern Block, The Turkic republics tried to solve the problems with the help of Republic of Turkey which they felt near to them. With his international experiences Turkey became the leader of the Turkic republics. Tourism revenues which is in the current accounts of the balance of payments, contributes to the development of the country by encouring both the employment and the growth numbers. The main reason of this is that the revenues of the tourism is both the main source in the financement of the foreign deficit and the budget deficit. In this paper the revenues of tourism is analysed by cross country panel study for Azerbaijan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Macedonia with Turkey (1995-2011). We acquired the data of this work from the web site of the IMF. Unit root test was made to testing stability of data which are taken. After that cointegration and causality tests were made to learn if a cointegral relationship was occurred between the revenues of tourism and economic growth or not. As a result of this study we done, the data level is not stable. Because of that reason, we took the difference of them. In the study, we have been identified causal relationship between the revenues of tourism and economic growth in Turkey and other countries and we have been identified causal relationship between economic growth and the revenues of tourism in Turkey and other countries.

The glass ceiling is a sociological metaphor used to express the abstract barriers that prevent female employees from progressing on the career ladder. Perception of these barriers and developing negative thoughts about their working environment is called glass ceiling syndrome. This syndrome, whose presence is felt in many sectors today, also manifests itself clearly in food and beverage businesses. This study was carried out in order to examine the perceptions of female chefs about the concept of glass ceiling through the metaphors they created and to make inferences with the principle of causality. For the purposes of the study, a metaphorical perception questionnaire containing three semi-structured questions was applied to 91 female chefs working in various departments of food and beverage businesses. As a result of the content analysis made on 82 usable forms, it was determined that the participants developed 59 different metaphors and these metaphors could be grouped under 3 themes. The research was concluded with the interpretation of the reasons for the identified metaphors.

Turizm hareketlerinin gerçekleştiği destinasyonlarda, konu ile doğrudan ve dolaylı ilgili tüm paydaşların faaliyetlere katılım göstermeleri, destinasyonun gelişimi açısından önemli bir konudur. İlgili paydaşlar destinasyonun yatırım, tanıtım, pazarlama, planlama gibi adım ve stratejilerinde rol oynamakta, yöre turizmi ile ilgili düşünceleri ve katkıları önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Artvin ilinin sahil ilçelerinden olan Hopa’da faaliyet gösteren paydaşların yöre turizmi ile ilgili düşüncelerini belirlemek ve turizm endüstrisine olan katkılarını tespit etmektir. Çalışma kapsamında nitel araştırma yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, Hopa ilçesinde bulunan 14 turizm sektörü paydaşıyla yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniği kullanılarak görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş, elde edilen veriler betimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma neticesinde, Hopa ilçesinde turizm temalı hizmet veren veya faaliyet gösteren işletme, kurum ve kuruluş yetkililerinin ilçedeki turizm faaliyetlerinden genel anlamda memnun oldukları, özellikle yerel yönetimin turizmin geliştirilmesine yönelik çalışmalarından umutlu oldukları belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada Hopa ilçesindeki turizm faaliyetlerinin geliştirilmesi ve faydalarının artırılmasına yönelik önerilere de yer verilmektedir.