In this article, we have investigated the consequences of the next to the leading order correction to the effective field theory of nanostructures. This has been done by analyzing the effects of deformed Heisenberg algebra on nanowires and nanotubes. We first deform the Schrodinger equation with cylindrical topology. Then specific solutions to the deformed Schrodinger equation with different boundary conditions are studied. These deformed solutions are used to investigate the consequences of the deformation on the energy of nanowires and nanotubes. This deformation can be detected by connecting such nanostructures to ferromagnets, and testing the current-voltage relation for such junctions.

Abstract. Nurgaziyev M, Atenov Y, Khassenbekova Z, Akpanova S, Rysbekov K, Kozhakhmetov S, Nurgozhina A, Sergazy S, Chulenbayeva L, Ospanova Z, Tuyakova A, Mukhambetganov N, Sattybayeva R, Urazova S, Galymgozhina N, Zhumadilova A, Gulyaev A, Kushugulova A. 2020. Effect of mare’s milk prebiotic supplementation on the gut microbiome and the immune system following antibiotic therapy. Biodiversitas 21: 5065-5071. Antibiotic treatment can severely affect the gut microbiome for short-term and long-term consequences. Probiotic and prebiotic supplements are widely prescribed to modulate the composition and function of the human gut microbiome. The current study aims to determine the impacts of mare’s milk prebiotics on the diversity of gut bacterial communities and the local immune system when administered during and after a course of antibiotic therapy. Six children aged 4 to 5 years diagnosed with bilateral bronchopneumonia were prescribed cephalosporin (cefuroxime) antibiotics. During the 60 days of the study, three children consumed mare’s milk prebiotics, while the other three did not. Fecal samples were collected daily during antibiotic therapy and every five days after the last day of antibiotic treatment. Total DNA was isolated, and the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome was analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene (V1-V3 region). The MULTIPLEX MAP platform was used to evaluate the local immune status. The relative abundance of 11 genera was reduced and did not recover until the last day of the study. The abundance of Bacteroides was not significantly altered in either group. Christensenella, Rothia, Abiotrophia, Acinetobacter, Anaerotruncus, Holdemania, and Turicibacter numbers were significantly increased on day five and remained at the same level during the study period. Cephalosporin administration also reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (MIP1α, TNFα, GMCSF, GCSF, sCD40L, FGF2, TGFα, IL1α, and IP10).

Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin. 183 participants in the experiment were selected for the study, half of which are with psoriasis disease. All participants in the study passed the EPIC-Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire, which was completed once and included a diet over the past week. The aim of the study was to identify the intakes of different nutrients in two groups by age. After questionnaire FETA tool was used to analyze all answers (http://www.srl.cam.ac.uk/epic/epicffq/).  The output was the results for all nutrients and macro and microelements that are in the food. Significant differences in patients were in eight nutrients, namely: betacarotene, carotene, fructose, potassium, potatoes, fruits, nuts and seeds, and vegetables. All differences are in favor of healthy patients. Patients with psoriasis had a diet with low income of fruits and vegetables which brought to the deficiency in some nutrients and vitamins. The used tool for converting food frequency questionnaire data into nutrient and food group values can be used widely for different study populations.

Abstract. Kozhakhmetov S, Aitenov Y, Ramazanova B, Koloskova Y, Burkutbayeva T, Yeraliyeva L, Mustafina K, Beglarova G, Yergazina M, Kushugulova A. 2021. Influence of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 on upper respiratory tract microbial biodiversity in infants. Biodiversitas 22: 5055-5060. Pneumococcal disease and its associated mortality are burdens on the healthcare system. The intensive introduction of pneumococcal vaccines has provided robust control and infection management worldwide. The Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) has been successfully employed in the national programs of many countries. However, no studies have yet analyzed the effect of pneumococcal vaccines on Central Asian populations. We investigated the effect of the pneumococcal vaccine on the nasopharyngeal microbiome of infants under the age of two years. Samples were collected from healthy patients as part of routine hospital check-ups, then subjected to high-throughput sequencing of the V1–V3 region of 16S rRNA for bioinformatics analysis. The obtained data were combined with the results of a previously published study (with matching criteria) to increase statistical power. No significant differences were found in vaccination status, sex or age. Nevertheless, the results demonstrated structural changes in the microbiome of the upper respiratory tract under the influence of the PCV13 vaccine. The results of beta-diversity unweighted UniFrac distance measuring showed that the experimental groups differed in their qualitative (taxonomic) structure (p < 0.1). In the vaccinated group, the abundance of several symbiotic taxa was significantly decreased, including Streptococcus pneumonia.