No abstract

House flies (Musca domestica l.) and green flies (Chrysomya megachepala l.) are two species of flies that are vectors of many types of bacteria in humans and animals throughout the world. the research was conducted to determine the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene and thus to conduct the phylogenic position, the bacteria isolated from Musca domestica and Chrysomya megachepala L used the 16S rRNA gene as a barcode. The bacteria identified were bacteria that have been tested to produce antibiotics. Pure cultures of each of the seven bacterial isolates were used for DNA analysis dan molecular identification. The results showed that the S1 isolate had a 90% similarity with the Bifidobacterium minimum [NR 044692.2]. Isolate S2, showing similarity of 86% with Alcaligenes faecalis [CP021883.1]. Isolate S3 has similarty 94% Brucella melitensis bv. [NR_076080.2]. Isolate S4 has a similarity of 99% with Sphingobacterium sp. [LK931720.1]. Isolate S5 has a similarity of 100% with Bacillus sp. [MH071158.1]. Isolate S6 has a similarity of 97% with Gamma proteobacterium [KJ127178.1]. While isolate S7 has a similarity of 100% Enterobacter asburiae [MH071322.1]. Species of bacteria identified from green flies and house flies that inhabit the city of Luwuk have never been reported to be associated with flies.

The Minahasa local pig is unique because it is the oldest local pig that has spread to the Philippine islands. Minahasa local pigs have endemic characteristics because they are in the Wallacea zone. Research has been carried out to isolate bacteria from pig intestinal fluid and obtain an antibiotic response profile from pure bacterial isolates. Pig samples were obtained from two locations in North Sulawesi, namely in North Minahasa and North Minahasa. Intestinal fluids are taken immediately when the pig is slaughtered. The liquid was preserved in a sterile container and inoculated directly on the nutrient agar medium by the dilution method. The bacterial isolates obtained were pure cultured and then used for automatic phenotypic identification using Vitek 2 Compact. The results showed that pure culture isolates were obtained from intestinal fluids of local pigs in Minahasa, North Sulawesi, indicating that two isolates (S1 and S2) were Escherichia coli and S3 was Enterobacter aerogenes. Isolate S1 showed resistance to Ampicillin, while isolate S2 showed resistance to Tetracycline, furthermore isolate S3 showed resistance to Tetracycline, Furanes, and Trimethoprim/Sulfonamide. The results confirm that further research is needed to isolate and test the antibiotic resistance of bacteria from pig intestines in several locations and various stages of common local pigs.

This study aims to identify bacteria isolated from the body surface of house flies from various habitats using 16S rRNA molecular barcodes. Houseflies were isolated from forests, hospitals, traditional markets, modern markets and landfills. 25 house flies isolated in each habitat. House flies were preserved in sterile bags. Bacterial isolation was carried out using nutrient agar media in 100 mm Petri dishes. The isolates obtained were pure cultured until a single isolate was obtained. Single isolates were extracted using Geneaid’s Presto TM Mini gDNA Bacteria Kit. The extracted bacterial total DNA was used as a template for amplification using primer 16s rRNA gene by PCR method. Nucleotide sequencing uses Singapore’s First BASE sequencing service. The results showed that single-house fly isolates from the Fish Auction (P.L.) showed a 99.11% similarity with Sphingobacterium faecium [CP094931.1]. Traditional market bacterial isolates (P.T.) showed 97% similarity with Pseudochrobactrum sp. XF203. Hospital bacterial isolates (R.S.) showed 99.11% similarity with S. faecium [CP094931.1]. Bacterial isolates from residential areas (PM) showed 99% similarity with Brucella abortus RB51-AHVLA. Bacterial isolates from the forest (H.T.) showed 94% similarity with Bacillus paralicheniformis [CP043501.1]. There are associated bacteria that are used as biotechnology agents. Exploration of bacteria and even microbes associated with M. domestica is still extensive to be studied in the future.