Background For promoting autonomous learning motivation, the learning effect of community-oriented service is beneficial, because through community participation and service, students can transfer their implicit cognition of ethics into explicit cognition, leading to the cultivation of a sympathetic partnership between the community and medical students. Despite the proven benefits of medical students’ community health service (CHS) in Western countries, CHS programs designed for medical students are not well established in mainland China, and their effects on medical students’ ethical cognition are largely unknown. This study evaluated the effects of CHS programs on the ethical cognition of medical students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on third- and fourth-year medical students and graduates working at Shantou University Medical College by using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. Through interviews, we applied a thematic approach to analyze the responses of the participating students. The questionnaire adopted in this study was revised based on a review of the literature on medical ethics in medical students and on the CHS environment in China. The reviewed questionnaires included an evaluation questionnaire on cultivating medical ethics in a CHS context, and questionnaires used to explore the cultivation and transformation of medical ethics in medical students during the preclinical period. Results A total of 361 (54.4%) undergraduate medical students and 302 (45.6%) graduates participated in this survey. Significant differences were observed in self-evaluation of the cognitive development of ethics between those who had participated in CHS programs 1–5 times and those who had participated > 6 times. The successful identification of accepting money from the patients under the table as unethical behavior significantly differed ( p = .031) among the graduates but not ( p = .567) among the undergraduate students. The participants expressed the positive impact of CHS programs on their self-development. Conclusion CHS programs can be widely applied in medical education in China. This educational strategy, which supports medical professionalism and incorporates humanitarian behavior as a complement to learning, should be encouraged and promoted nationally.

Background: The neurological manifestation of Behcet's disease (BD) is known as Neuro-Behcet's disease (NBD). The lack of a specific diagnostic method for NBD renders the diagnosis and treatment of NBD challenging.Methods and Results: We report a boy aged 11 years and 11 months who underwent right-eye intraocular lens implantation, appendectomy, perianal abscess removal, thalidomide therapy, and infliximab infusions for his Crohn disease. Magnetic resonance venography (MRV) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed to address the onset of headache during the course of his treatment, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis was detected. After the diagnosis of NBD, the patient was treated with anticoagulation therapy (nadroparin calcium), low-dose corticosteroids, and an immunosuppressant (cyclophosphamide), and consequently, he recovered.Conclusion: This case report shows that NBD is prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis and should be diagnosed based on clinical manifestations and results from colonoscopy, pathological examination, and MRI or MRV.