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What do we know about Protestant Christianity in contemporary China? How is it organized; where, why, and how is it growing; and how do we understand its evolving relationship with the party-state? The purpose of this article is to evaluate the state of official Protestantism in China and take stock of what we have learned. We do so in three ways. One is to identify the origins of state-sanctioned Protestantism; another is to evaluate conflicting claims about church size, growth, and demographics; and the third is to suggest directions for future study.

In order to decrease the damages caused by typhoon, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model has been established to predict the trend of storm flood in Shanghai, China. The model has capacity to simulate the brain's thinking process objectively and avoid the influence of the forecasters' subjective judgment. The present model is capable to predict the 12-hour ahead typhoon surge deviation in high tide efficiently. At the same time, an intelligent storm-flood forecasting system is designed and built, and the system not only can predict the storm flood in the future 12 hours, but also is useful to mitigate the typhoon disasters in Shanghai. It has been proved that the ANN model is a new effective way to predict the storm surge, and the intelligent storm-flood forecasting system is a kind of new method to manage the typhoon disasters as well.

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ABSTRACT:Optical remote sensing images have been widely used in feature interpretation and geo-information extraction. All the fundamental applications of optical remote sensing, are greatly influenced by cloud coverage. Generally, the availability of cloudless images depends on the meteorological conditions for a given area. In this study, the cloud total amount (CTA) products of the Fengyun (FY) satellite were introduced to explore the meteorological changes in a year over China. The cloud information of CTA products were tested by using ZY-3 satellite images firstly. CTA products from 2006 to 2017 were used to get relatively reliable results. The window period of cloudless images acquisition for different areas in China was then determined. This research provides a feasible way to get the cloudless images acquisition window by using meteorological observations.