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The investigation of Shope (1) concerning the etiology of the swine influenza may be the first experiment on the interaction between a virus and a bacterium. Shope discovered that the disease was caused by a symbiosis of the bacillus, H. influenzae suis, and a virus, i.e, the bacillus alone would not produce the disease; the virus alone produced an extremely mild, but spontaneously transmissible infection. Both agents were needed to reproduce the clinical syndrome. Horsf all and McCarty (2) reported a study on the effects of inoculating mice with both a virus and a bacterium in the course of investigations concerned with problems relative to the pathogenesis of primary atypical pneumonia. They considered that, when the first experiments were carried out, either of two possible results might develop; first, that streptococcus MG would have no discernible influence on the course of an infection induced by pneumonia virus of mice (PVM); or second, that it might, by contributing to the establishment of a complex infection, cause the results to be more severe than those of infections induced by PVM alone. However they found that, surprisingly, neither possibility evolved; instead, the inoculation of streptococcus MG in mice which previously had been inoculated with PVM resulted in a distinctly less severe infection. After investigating on this unexpected finding in detail, they obtained certain polysaccharide preparations derived from various bacterial species, as well as similar materials from various origins other than bacteria, as agents of the modifying effect in the course of infection with PVM. Thereafter, they (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) studied on the inhibitory effect of polysaccharide derived from the bacterial origins on mumps virus multiplication. Volkert, Pierce, Horsf all, and Dubos (8) showed that following infection with small amounts of either PVM or influenza A virus (PR 8) intranasally, tuberculous lesions in the lungs of mice developed more rapidly and became more extensive than in control animals infected only with tubercle bacilli. Recently, Buddingh (9) reported that combinated viral and bacterial infection established by intra-amniotic inoculation with influenza C virus on the 14th followed * I .N.=intranasal.

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Following Francis' observation (1) of an inhibitor in normal serum for influenza virus hemagglutination, similar components inhibiting against a number of viruses were found to be widespread in tissue fluids and extracts. In 1951, Fastier (2) reported that the saline extract off normal mouse brain was capable of inhibiting hemagglutination by the GDVII strain of mouse encephalomyelitis virus. However, little is known about the nature of the inhibitor present in a normal mouse brain. This paper presents some characteristics of a hemagglutination inhibitor in a normal mouse brain for the virus.

The effects of various following experimental methods to the affections of leprosy on mice and developing chick embryos have been tested. 1. Subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections of glandular mucin and Ota's solution containing trypan blue, diatom, and Kali Jodi, into mice before or after the inoculation of Myc. Leprae. 2. Intraperitoneal injection of cobra venom before the inoculation of lepra bacilli. 3. Intracerebral inoculation of Myc. leprae into suckling or very young mice. 4. Inoculation of Myc. leprae into yolk sacs of developing chick embryos. No results which promoted the propagation of lepra bacilli was obtained in all experiments.