Scholars agree that shame has many effects related to psychological functioning declines, and one among others is the fluctuation of self-esteem. However, the association between shame and self-esteem requires further studies. Heterogeneity studies due to different measurements, various sample characteristics, and potential missing research findings may result in uncertain conclusions. This study aimed to explore the relationship between shame and self-esteem by meta-analysis to come up with evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias of the study. Eighteen studies from the initial 235 articles involving the term shame and self-esteem were studied using the random-effects model. A total of 578 samples were included in the study. The overall effect size estimate between shame and self-esteem (r = −.64) indicates that shame correlates negatively with self-esteem and is large effect size. The result showed that heterogeneity study was found (I² = 95.093%). The Meta-regression showed that age moderated the relationship between shame and self-esteem (p = .002), while clinical sample characteristics (p = .232) and study quality (p = .184) did not affect the overall effect size.

Dalam masyarakat Indonesia, hampir tiga dekade, kursus bimbinan belajar menjadi bagian dari proses belajar, selain sekolah formal. Orang tua mengikutsertakan anaknya dalam bimbingan belajar dengan tujuan supaya prestasi belajar anak menjadi lebih baik. Prestasi belajar merupakan salah satu indikator dari motivasi belajar. Motivasi belajar merupakan prediktor signifikan dari prestasi belajar. Motivasi belajar dibedakan menjadi tiga, yaitu motivasi intrinsik, motivasi ekstrinsik, dan amotivasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji perbedaan motivasi belajar siswa berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan partisipasi bimbingan belajar. Partisipan adalah 157 siswa kelas 5 dari tiga sekolah dasar di Jakarta, berusia antara 9-12 tahun. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner motivasi belajar. Setelah melalui uji validitas dan reliabilitas, diperoleh Cronbach’s alpha sebesar 0.727. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki motivasi belajar yang tinggi. Analisis data menggunakan Independent-Samples T Test menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan motivasi belajar berdasarkan jenis kelamin, t (155) = 2,137, p<0.05. Demikian pula terdapat perbedaan motivasi belajar berdasarkan partispasi bimbingan belajar, t (155) = 2.058, p<0.05.

Shame is one of the self-conscious emotions which needs more cultural insights from studies. West's definition of shame has been very negative, following its negative externalization, such as anger. On the other hand, the East concept of shame, as well as Southern Americans, value shame as positive. Within Javanese culture, the most populated island in Indonesia, shame is introduced, educated, and socialized as isin from childhood. A mature Javanese is one with isin. This study aims at understanding the importance of isin of Javanese adolescents. A total of 118 Javanese adolescent students completed an open-ended question regarding the importance of isin. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and aided by MAXQDA to code and categorize the responses. Five themes of the isin importance are identified: pro-social motives, selfimprovement, self-awareness, self-control, and learning resources. There is no negative response concerning the isin experience. The findings confirm the positive aspect of shame within the East perspective.

The family's emotional psychological and social well-being is influenced by how parent-child relations quality is perceived by each other, both of the child and father, as well as the child and the mother. This study focused on the dyadic analysis of parent-child quality relationships prediction on the emotional, psychological, and social well-being of the family members in Indonesia. The study involved 230 dyads comprised of fathers, mothers, and children who completed the Revised Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire measuring the parent-child relationship quality and the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) to measure family well-being. Adopting the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) and structural equation modeling (SEM) as the statistics technique, the results showed that in general, no partner’s effect was found. To be specific, dyadic relations between father and child showed an actor’s effect influencing their well-being. On the other hand, the dyadic relations between child and mother showed neither the actor’s effect nor the partner’s effect on their well-being. The study highlights the vital role of fathers and adolescents in their own well-being.