The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 in China, has become a pandemic in March 2020. Repurposing old and relatively safe drugs becomes an advantageous option to obtain the urgently needed effective treatment. Repurposing chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, oseltamivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, andfavipiravir, and the use of investigational drug remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19, are reviewed from the clinical pharmacology perspective, particularly its efficacy and safety. Limited clinical studies of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, and remdesivir showed some efficacy in COVID-19 treatment with tolerable adverse effects. Potential serious adverse effect of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine is cardiac arrhythmia. Oseltamivir has no documented activity against SARS-CoV-2, while lopinavir/ritonavir showed limited efficacy in COVID-19. Currently, there is no sufficient evidence to recommend any specific anti-COVID-19 treatment. The decision to use these drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic must be based on careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks to the patient.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa laba, biaya pengobatan, biaya perlengkapan dan kesejahteraan karyawan rumah sakit pada masa sebelum pandemi Covid-19 dan pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif yang didukung dengan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan dalam rangka menjawab rumusan masalah yang terdiri dari: (i) Bagaimana pencapaian laba pada masa pandemi Covid-19 jika dibandingkan dengan pada masa sebelum pandemi Covid-19?; (ii) Apakah terdapat peningkatan biaya pengobatan karyawan pada masa pandemi Covid-19 jika dibandingkan dengan pada masa sebelum pandemi Covid-19?; (iii) Apakah terdapat peningkatan biaya perlengkapan dan kesejahteraan karyawan pada masa pandemi Covid-19 jika dibandingkan dengan pada masa sebelum pandemi Covid-19?. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (i) pada masa pandemi Covid-19, laba dari rumah sakit mengalami kenaikan yang signifikan; (ii) pada masa pandemi Covid-19, biaya pengobatan mengalami peningkatan signifikan, dan (iii) pada masa pandemi Covid-19, biaya perlengkapan dan kesejahteraan karyawan mengalami peningkatan signifikan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan informasi maupun referensi kepada para pihak terkait yang memiliki kepedulian terhadap anggaran dan keuangan rumah sakit.

<p>Beberapa studi efikasi suplementasi vitamin D pada diabetes melitus gestasional hasilnya masih bertentangan. Laporan kasus berbasis bukti ini bertujuan untuk konfirmasi efikasi suplementasi vitamin D terhadap kontrol glikemik pada wanita hamil dengan diabetes melitus gestasional dan hipovitaminosis D. Pencarian artikel komprehensif melalui PubMed dan Scopus. Studi yang dipilih adalah studi dengan desain randomized controlled trial atau systematic review pada wanita hamil dengan diabetes melitus gestasional dan hipovitaminosis D membandingkan terapi standar obat anti diabetes (OAD) dengan obat terapi standar dan suplementasi vitamin D. Telaah kritis sesuai perangkat dari Center for Evidence Based Medicine (CEBM). Diperoleh 3 studi systematic review yang memenuhi kriteria eligibilitas. Dua studi menunjukkan perbedaan kadar glukosa darah puasa dan HbA1C yang bermakna secara statistik dan klinis pada kelompok yang mendapat suplementasi vitamin D dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Satu studi hasilnya tidak bermakna.</p><p>Results of recent studies on the use of vitamin D supplementation in gestational diabetes mellitus were conflicting. This evidence-based case report aimed to confirm the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and hypovitaminosis D. A comprehensive search for articles in PubMed and Scopus included randomized controlled trial or systematic reviews in gestational diabetes mellitus and hypovitaminosis D comparing standard anti-diabetic drug therapy (OAD) with standard therapeutic drugs and vitamin D supplementation. Critical appraisals were done using the tools from Center for Evidence Based Medicine (CEBM). Three systematic reviews met the eligibility criteria. Two studies showed statistically and clinically significant differences in fasting blood glucose and HbA1C level in vitamin D supplementation group compared to the control group, while the result of the third study was not significant.</p><p> </p>

In early 2020, the world was hit by the COVID-19 outbreak This virus was originated in Wuhan, China, and hit 216 countries. In Indonesia, there is an increasing trend of data cases on June 11, 2020, as many as 35,295 positive people. This study aims to look at learning and health situations during the pandemic and the health impacts on students. As a result of the pandemic, lecture activities that were originally on campus were moved to homes with a distance learning system. The descriptive research method is authoritative with a sample of 96 students. The results of this study show that during the COVID-19 pandemic, some students experienced health problems as a result of the transition from offline to online learning, such as anxiety, headaches, and fatigue caused by staring at screens for too long and just doing too many assignments. Even though, students are aware of the importance of health protocols and use them, such as social distancing, wearing a mask when outside, and washing their hands. Students affirm that there is an adequate supply of nutritious food. It can be concluded that changes in learning activities have an impact on student’s health, but this can be mitigated with good management and adherence to health protocols.