High-power white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are fabricated by combining blue LEDs and green (Ba,Sr)(2)SiO(4):Eu(2+) and red CaAlSiN(3):Eu(2+) phosphors with varying phosphor geometry. The white LED having separated the phosphor layer by the silicone gel layer between green and red phosphor layers shows superior optical properties. The luminous efficiency (eta(L)) is improved by a decrease of reabsorption of green light by red phosphor owing to a difference among refractive indices. The white LED shows very high eta(L) of 51 lm/W and a high color rendering index of 95 under 350 mA. In addition, improved luminous properties of the white LED including a separated phosphor layer are confirmed via ray-trace simulation.

SPHEREx, a mission in NASA's Medium Explorer (MIDEX) program recently selected for Phase-A implementation, is an all-sky survey satellite that will produce a near-infrared spectrum for every 6 arcsecond pixel on the sky. SPHEREx has a simple, high-heritage design with large optical throughput to maximize spectral mapping speed. While the legacy data products will provide a rich archive of spectra for the entire astronomical community to mine, the instrument is optimized for three specific scientific goals: to probe inflation through the imprint primordial non-Gaussianity left on today's large-scale cosmological structure; to survey the Galactic plane for water and other biogenic ices through absorption line studies; and to constrain the history of galaxy formation through power spectra of background fluctuations as measured in deep regions near the ecliptic poles. The aluminum telescope consists of a heavily baffled, wide-field off-axis reflective triplet design. The focal plane is imaged simultaneously by two mosaics of H2RG detector arrays separated by a dichroic beamsplitter. SPHEREx assembles spectra through the use of mass and volume efficient linear variable filters (LVFs) included in the focal plane assemblies, eliminating the need for any dispersive or moving elements. Instead, spectra are constructed through a series of small steps in the spacecraft attitude across the sky, modulating the location of an object

By calculating the response function, we study the Hawking radiation of massless Dirac fields in the (2+1)-dimensional black hole geometry. We find that the response function has Planck distributions, with the temperature that agrees with the previous results obtained for the scalar field cases. We also find the Green's functions in (2+1)-dimensional Einstein static universe and anti de-Sitter space.

Background : Medication errors can cause delayed hospital days, increased health costs, and mortality for patients. According to the Korea Patient Safety reporting & learning system (KOPS) in Korea in 2019, 3,798 of 11,953 patient safety reports were related to medication error which are 31.8% of the total reports. Methods :Team compromising of physicians, nurses, pharmacists, etc, used the Fish Bone Diagram to identify the root cause. The pay-off matrix was used to rank prioritizing strategy with less effort with greater improvement effect. The program was restructured into a lower risk program and the new program was analyzed and reviewed by the team. Results :The Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) was modified, so physicians can en-

We investigated the effect of the surface roughness of the differently plated printed circuit board (PCB) on the reliability of AlGaInP-based LED packages. The electroless-plated PCB exhibited smoother surface than the electrolytic-plated one. Maximum debonding forces depended on the aspect ratios of hillocks on the plated PCB and voids. Thermo-mechanical maximum stress increased with increasing roughness height. For LED packages with the electroless-plated PCB, thermal resistance (R th ) from junction to PCB was increased by 57.43 K W −1 after operation at 85 °C with 35 mA for 1000 h (reliability test), whereas for LED package with the electrolytic-plated PCB, R th from junction to PCB increased by 4.1 K/W. The temperatures of the chip areas of the electroless-plated and electrolytic-plated samples were 91.3 and 85.3 °C, respectively, after the reliability test. For the electroless-plated and electrolytic samples, the view angles along the X and Y axes were 144.43°and 142.87°, and 143.23°and 145.58°, respectively, after the reliability test. Unlike the electrolytic-plated samples, the electroless-plated samples experienced 4.8% drop in the lumen maintenance and delamination between the mold resin and PCB after operation under the 60 °C/90% relative humidity condition with 35 mA for 1000 h.