Strains of the bacterium Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), a causal agent of respiratory diseases in birds, were microbiologically isolated, identified, and molecularly characterized. Blood-enriched culture media and biochemistry tests were used for microbiologic identification. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) techniques were used for molecular identification and characterization, respectively, of the microorganism. ORT strains were isolated in enriched media from the trachea and air sacs of broilers, breeders, and layers from several geographic zones of Peru. Of the original 75 strains isolated from 75 clinical samples from which ORT was recovered during 1998-2000, 25 were selected for further study based on ORT as the primary pathogenic isolate (no other pathogens were detected). Selected isolates were molecularly identified and characterized by PCR using specific primers designed from the conserved zones of the 16S ribosomal genes. Primers used for the identification of ORT produced a specific fragment of 784 base pair (bp), which did not appear in Haemophilus paragallinarum or Pasteurella multocida, microorganisms with similar morphologic and biochemical characteristics that produce dinical signs identical to those of ORT. All 25 strains of ORT tested with rep-PCR had a genetic profile similar to that of ORT American Type Culture Collection 51463, indicating the presence of only one genotype in the ORT strains studied.

RESUMENEl propósito del estudio fue determinar la variabilidad genética de 96 cepas de Gallibacterium anatis aisladas de aves comerciales con sintomatología respiratoria, provenientes de Arequipa (2), Ica (3), La Libertad (27), Lima (62), Madre de Dios (1) y Ucayali (1), y recolectadas desde el 2007 al 2011. Las cepas se tipificaron mediante pruebas de fermentación de carbohidratos y sensibilidad a nueve antimicrobianos. La variabilidad genética de las cepas de G. anatis se determinó mediante ERIC-PCR, previa identificación por PCR usando cebadores específicos. Del análisis de fermentación de carbohidratos se obtuvieron perfiles que correspondieron a 10 biovares, todos los cuales se encontraron en Lima y el 45.8% de las cepas pertenecieron al biovar 4. Con respecto a la sensibilidad antimicrobiana, el 40.8% de las cepas fueron resistentes a todos los antimicrobianos estudiados, en tanto que el 94.8 y 95.8% fueron resistentes a enrofloxacina y ciprofloxacina. Por ERIC-PCR se obtuvieron 24 perfiles de ADN no asociados con los biovares, lo cual indica la existencia de variabilidad genética intraespecífica en cepas de G. anatis circulantes en Perú.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las biovariedades de Pasteurella multocida y Gallibacterium anatis en aves de producción con signos respiratorios. Estas bacterias fueron aisladas de muestras de secreciones y órganos de pollos de carne, gallinas de postura y patos criollos afectados, provenientes de granjas avícolas de la costa y selva del Perú. De 25 aislamientos se identificaron 13 cepas de P. multocida y 12 de G. anatis, mediante características de cultivo, morfología y pruebas bioquímicas (oxidasa, catalasa, indol, ureasa). Las cepas fueron sometidas a la prueba de fermentación en micropozos, consistente en una batería de 10 carbohidratos y un aminoácido para su tipificación. Los resultados indican que ocho cepas de P. multocida correspondieron a la biovariedad 1 y las restantes a las biovariedades 3, 4, 6, 10 y 11, en tanto que 11 cepas de G. anatis correspondieron a la biovariedad haemolytica y la otra a la biovariedad anatis.

Forty seven clinical samples of Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) associated with Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH) from Peruvian broilers received between July 2006 and April 2013 were genotyped using sequencing of L1 Loop of Hexon gene. All 47 clinical samples presented macroscopic and histopathology lesions consistent with IBH, and amplified a specific fragment of Hexon gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A unique nucleotide sequence of 789 base pairs of Hexon gene (position 273 to 1061) was obtained in all 47 clinical samples analyzed. This sequence showed a high level of conservation in amino acid and nucleotide sequence (>99%) with a Fowl Adenovirus C serotype 4 previously identified. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicate no genotypic variation in Peruvian isolates. The presence of a unique genotype very closely related with genotype C1 previously reported in Peru and Ecuador (>99%), suggests the presence of FAdV C serotype 4 genotype C1 in clinical cases of IBH from Peruvian broilers.

Isolation and biochemical and molecular identification of 303 strains of Escherichia coli obtained from diarrheic and healthy young alpacas of Puno-Peru, were realized. PCR amplification for 7 virulence factor genes associated with STEC, STEC O157:H7, EPEC: sxt1, sxt2, rfbO157, fliCH7, hlyA, eae y bfp were determined. A total of 39 strains (12.88%) showed amplification for one or more of these genes. Twenty three strains (59%) were classified as STEC and 16 strains (41%) as EPEC. An 88.18% (34/39) of STEC and EPEC strains were obtained from healthy alpacas and only 11.82% (5/39) from diarrheic alpacas considering this specie as potential zoonotic reservoir of STEC and EPEC.