SummaryBackground and objectives Relatively little is known about the long-term outcomes of different histologic types of primary glomerulonephritis in Asian populations.Design, setting, participants, & measurements From 1993 to 2006, 987 patients undergoing renal biopsy were studied, and 580 patients (mean age=44.4 years, male=58.5%) with the four most common forms of glomerulonephritis (membranous nephropathy, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, IgA nephropathy, and minimal change disease) were selected for analysis. Median follow-up period was 5.9 (interquartile range=5.7) years.Results The focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis group displayed the highest incidence of ESRD (25.8%) and the fastest decline of estimated GFR (4.6 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year). The IgA nephropathy group also had a higher rate of ESRD than the membranous nephropathy patients (19.2% versus 4.3%, P,0.001). In contrast, the membranous nephropathy group exhibited an overall death rate similar to the focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis group (17.2% versus 14.4%) but higher than the IgA nephropathy and minimal change disease patients (4.6% and 3.7%, respectively, P,0.001). The most powerful predictor for ESRD was focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, whereas the strongest predictor for all-cause mortality was membranous nephropathy with higher proteinuria. Protectors against ESRD included male sex and higher hemoglobin.Conclusions Most predictors for ESRD and overall mortality found in this ethnic Chinese cohort were similar to other studies. However, some risk factors linked with distinct glomerular pathologies displayed differential clinical outcomes.

This Taiwanese single centre study (n = 326) examined heart rate variability (a relatively simple measure of autonomic activity) in people with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) and found that abnormalities in this parameter (specifically low proportion of low-frequency to high-frequency power, a measure of sympathovagal balance) is an independent predictor of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline. ABSTRACT:Aim: Autonomic dysfunction contributes to cardiovascular morbidity/

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