Introduction. The research results obtained through the analysis of different varieties of Rhodiola rosea rhizomes and roots using high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), grown in the Saint-Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical University (SPCPU) medicinal plants nursery garden, are represented.Aim. To carry out a comparative analysis of Rhodiola rosea rhizomes and roots samples, grown in the SPCPU medicinal plants nursery using HPTLC.Materials and methods. HPTLC analysis was performed on a CAMAG device (Switzerland), using MERCK HPTLC silica gel 60 F 254, 20 × 10 cm plates. Extracts were obtained from raw materials using an ultrasonic bath "Sapphire-4.0 TTC" (Russia). The Rhodiola rosea rhizomes and roots were harvested in the SPCPU medicinal plants nursery garden (Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhsk district, Priozerskoe Highway, 38 km) in August 2019.Results and discussion. In the course of the research, extracts from Rhodiola rosea rhizomes and roots were obtained using 70 % ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol as extractants. The extracts were investigated by HPTLC in ethyl acetate – methanol – water – formic acid (77 : 13 : 10 : 2) solvent system. After scanning densitometric analysis at 254 nm, the much better separation of methanol extracts in this solvent system was found than ethanol extracts. The densitograms of individual tracks were compared with each other in order to identify samples of Rhodiola rosea rhizomes and roots with a higher biologically active compounds content. As a result of the comparison of 18 samples tracks of the Rhodiola rosea rhizomes and roots (the extractant was ethyl alcohol 70 %), samples № 6 and 17 have been proposed as promising for further research and cultivation.Conclusion. As a result of the analysis of alcohol extracts from Rhodiola rosea rhizomes and roots by HPTLC, the samples 6 (Tomsk, Russia) and 17 (Valla Di Aposta/Hirvos varieties, country of origin – Italy/Finland) were found to have a higher content of biologically active compounds.

The effect of Eleutherococcus senticosus, Rhaponticum carthamoides and Schisandra chinensis extracts in doses of 10, 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg were studied. The actoprotective activity the studied adaptogens was assessed on outbred female mice in a forced swim test with a load of 10% of the animal's body weight. Dry extracts of Eleutherococcus senticosus (50 mg/kg), Rhaponticum carthamoides (10 mg/kg) and Schisandra chinensis (25 mg/kg) were found to exhibit the most pronounced actoprotective activity.

Лекарственные поражения печени являются одним из наиболее частых нежелательных эффектов медикаментозной терапии больных туберкулезом. Для коррекции и профилактики лекарственных поражений печени применяются гепатопротекторы различного происхождения и химического состава. В настоящее время выделяют препараты растительного (из расторопши, солодки, сои) и животного происхождения, препараты желчных кислот и некоторые другие. При этом согласованного понимания их эффективности, а также согласованных алгоритмов применения не существует, так как ряд препаратов изучался лишь в экспериментальных или небольших наблюдательных клинических исследованиях. В статье представлены механизмы действия основных гепатопротекторов, приведена доказательная база их эффективности, а также отмечены их недостатки. Наиболее изученным в терапии лекарственных поражений печени гепатопротектором является препарат расторопши пятнистой, показана его эффективность не только в терапии лекарственных поражений печени, но и для их профилактики при одновременном назначении вместе с химиотерапией туберкулеза, преимущественно у больных, имевших изначально высокий риск развития лекарственных поражений печени. Глицирризиновая кислота (препарат солодки) показала как высокую профилактическую эффективность, так и выраженное терапевтическое действие при лекарственных поражениях печени, вызванных противотуберкулезными препаратами. Эссенциальные фосфолипиды (высокоочищенный экстракт из бобов сои) в сочетании с витаминами группы В способствуют повышению активности и текучести мембран гепатоцитов, их восстановлению, однако обладают при этом низкой биодоступностью, неоднозначным антиоксидантным потенциалом и эффективны лишь при холестатическом характере поражения. Высокую эффективность имеют препараты урсодезоксихолевой кислоты – они уменьшают уровень апоптоза гепатоцитов, предупреждают токсическое влияние на мембраны гепатоцитов и эпителий желчных протоков, обладают антиоксидантным и холеретическим действием. Адеметионин (препарат, содержащий аминокислоты и их производные) обладает цитопротекторным, антиоксидантным и антихолестатическим эффектами, оказывает также антинейротоксическое и антидепрессивное действие. Хороший терапевтический эффект показала комбинация адеметионина, янтарной кислоты, инозина и никотинамида, позволяющая быстро уменьшать выраженность клинических симптомов гепатотоксичности и нормализовать лабораторные показатели. В целом имеющиеся данные позволяют достаточно эффективно осуществлять профилактику и купировать токсические поражения печени при лечении больных туберкулезом. Многообразие гепатопротекторных препаратов с различными фармакологическими эффектами (антицитолитический, антихолестатический, антиапоптотический, антиоксидантный, иммуномодулирующий) предоставляет возможность рационального выбора лекарственного средства в различных клинических ситуациях. Drug-induced liver injury are one of the most frequent undesirable effects of drug therapy in tuberculosis patients. Hepatoprotective drugs of various origin and chemical composition are used for the correction and prevention of drug-induced liver injury. Currently, preparations of plant origin (from milk thistle, licorice, soy), animal origin, preparations of bile acids, and some others are isolated. At the same time, there is no consistent understanding of their effectiveness, as well as consistent application algorithms, since a number of drugs have been studied only in experimental or small observational clinical studies. The article presents the mechanisms of action of the main hepatoprotective drugs, provides the evidence base of their effectiveness, and also notes their shortcomings. The most studied hepatoprotective drugs in the treatment of drug-induced liver injury is milk thistle preparation, its effectiveness has been shown not only in the treatment of drug-induced liver injury, but also in their prevention, with simultaneous administration together with tuberculosis chemotherapy, mainly in patients who initially had a high risk of developing drug-induced liver injury. Glycyrrhizic acid (licorice preparation) has shown both high preventive efficacy and pronounced therapeutic effect in LPP caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs. Essential phospholipids (highly purified extract from soybeans), in combination with B vitamins, contribute to an increase in the activity and fluidity of hepatocyte membranes, their recovery, however, they have low bioavailability, ambiguous antioxidant potential and are effective only with the cholestatic nature of the lesion. Ursodeoxycholic acid preparations are highly effective – they reduce the level of hepatocyte apoptosis, prevent toxic effects on hepatocyte membranes and on the epithelium of the bile ducts, have antioxidant and choleretic effects. Ademethionine (a drug containing amino acids and their derivatives) has cytoprotective, antioxidant and anticholestatic effects, also has anti-neurotoxic and antidepressant effects. A combination of ademethionine, succinic acid, inosine and nicotinamide showed a good therapeutic effect, which allows to quickly reduce the severity of clinical symptoms of hepatotoxicity and normalize laboratory parameters. In general, the available data make it possible to effectively prevent and stop toxic liver lesions in the treatment of tuberculosis patients. A variety of hepatoprotective drugs with various pharmacological effects (anti-cytolytic, anti-cholestatic, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory) provide an opportunity for a rational choice of a drug in various clinical situations.

The review article discusses modern aspects of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in patients with tuberculosis who are receiving etiotropic therapy. The main mechanisms of DILI, including toxic and idiosyncratic types, are described, as well as their pathogenetic, biochemical, and epidemiological differences. DILI can manifest as various clinicomorphological forms of liver damage, such as steatosis and steatohepatitis, acute and chronic hepatitis, mitochondrial cytopathy, cholestasis, sclerosing cholangitis, vascular injury, and others. The main diagnostic method for DILI is the detection of liver enzymes - transaminases and alkaline phosphatase - based on the degree of elevation and their ratio, which identify two main types of liver injury - hepatocellular and cholestatic - as well as a mixed variant. The article provides a scoring assessment of liver damage in a patient receiving chemotherapy to classify it as drug-induced liver injury.