The ON state of metal-to-metal amorphous-silicon antifuses suffers from two reliability concerns: switch-off and dc-stress failure. The switch-off current and dc-stress lifetime are strongly dependent on the temperature of the conducting filament and hence, on the programming current and ambient temperature. Numerical simulations of the filament temperature in the ON state were carried out to explain the experimental characteristics obtained in this work such as the dependence of the switch off and dc-stress failures on ambient temperature, stress current, and programming current. The temperature in the conducting filament is found to increase as the square of the stress current. The temperature and power dissipation at switch off are found to be independent of the programming current. The temperature at switch off is determined to be approximately 1500 °C. The ON-state device lifetime decreases exponentially with increasing stress current and ambient temperature. Numerical simulations of the temperature in the ON state successfully explain the experimentally observed increase in switch-off currents with programming current and the exponential decrease in device lifetime with increasing programming currents, stress currents, and ambient temperature.

Antifuse devices have been used for a variety of programmable circuits, and their application for highperformance, high density FPGA products is dramatically increasing. Attractiveness of antifuse stems from its relative small size, low ON resistance, and low OFF capacitance.Even though antifuses are conceptually simple structures, their behavior is not well understood. This report attempt to shed light into the link formation and reliability of antifuses.According to the models presented, link formation during programming is caused by melting and solidification of a-Si and portions of the electrodes. Furthermore, link switch-off failure is shown to occur at fixed voltage range caused by link melting. These models can be extended to the other types of antifuses as well.

Ключевые слова: современный макроэкономический цикл, структурный цикл, ВЭД индустриального мегацикла, ВЭД постиндустриального мегацикла, система количественных показателей, характеризующих структурные сдвиги в экономике региона.Keywords: modern macroeconomic cycle, structural cycle, foreign economic activity of an industrial megacycle, foreign economic activity of a postindustrial megacycle, a system of quantitative indicators characterizing structural changes in the region's economy.

Palavras-chave dinâmica de mudança estrutural, desenvolvimento desigual, abordagem evolucionária, Lei de Engel.

Урбанизация и развитие сельских территорий: взаимодействие городских и сельских континуумов Ю. В. Карпович, В. В. ЛепихинПермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет, г. Пермь, Россия karpushki@mail.ru В качестве исследовательской задачи определена попытка оценить влияние урбанизации на развитие сельских территорий с целью выявить возможные способы устранения противоречий в развитии городского и сельского секторов экономики. Авторы обобщили мировой опыт исполь-зования ресурсов сельского хозяйства, который может быть полезен для России, и в результате сравнительного анализа пришли к выводу, что эффективное социально-экономическое развитие городских территорий невозможно без соответствующего развития сельских поселений, и наоборот. Итогом исследования стало заключение об ухудшении социально-экономического положения сель-ских территорий, что вызвано не столько активными процессами урбанизации, сколько неэффек-тивными инструментами управления сельским сектором.Ключевые слова: урбанизация; развитие сельских территорий; управление сельским сектором; экономическая взаимосвязь; сельско-городская миграция. Urbanization and Development of Rural Territories:Urban and Rural Continua Interaction Yu. V. Karpovich, V. V. LepikhinPerm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia karpushki@mail.ruThe authors have defined as research aim the attempt to evaluate the urbanization impact on rural areas development in order to find possible ways to eliminate contradictions between the development of urban and rural economy sectors. They did generalize world experience that might be useful for Russia, and used the methodology of comparative analysis to show that the effective socio-economic development of urban areas is impossible without appropriate development of rural communities, and vice versa. The authors have come to the following conclusion: there is no contradiction between rural and urban development, the deterioration of the socio-economic situation of rural areas caused not so much by active urbanization processes, how by inefficient management tools.