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In order to control the nonlinear high-speed train with high robustness, the fractional order control of nonlinear switching systems is studied. The fractional order controller is designed for a class of nonlinear switching systems by the fractional order backstepping method. In this paper, a simple and effective online updating scheme of model coefficients is proposed by using the flexibility of the model predictive control algorithm and its wide range of model accommodation. A stochastic discrete nonlinear state space model describing the mechanical behavior of a single particle in a high-speed train is constructed, and the maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of a high-speed train is transformed into an optimization problem with great expectations. Finally, numerical comparison experiments of motion characters of two high-speed trains are given. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed identification method.