Background The nutritional status of COVID‐19 patients is unknown. This study evaluates the clinical and nutritional characteristics of severe and critically ill patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, and investigates the relationship between nutritional risk and clinical outcomes. Methods A retrospective, observational study was conducted at West Campus of Union Hospital in Wuhan. Patients confirmed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by a nucleic acid‐positive test and identified as severe or critically ill, were enrolled in this study. Clinical data and outcomes information was collected and nutritional risk was assessed by using Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS). Results Totally, 413 patients were enrolled in this study, including 346 severe patients and 67 critically ill patients. Most patients, especially critically ill patients, had significant changes in nutrition‐related parameters and inflammatory markers. As for nutritional risk, the critically ill patients had significantly higher proportion of high NRS scores ( P <0.001), which were correlated with inflammatory and nutrition‐related markers. Among 342 patients with NRS score ≥3, only 84 (25%) received nutritional support. The critically ill patients and the patients with higher NRS score had a higher risk of mortality and longer stay in hospital. In logistic regression models, one unit increased in NRS score was associated with the risk of mortality increased by 1.23 times (adjusted OR = 2.23, 95% CI : 1.10, 4.51, P = 0.026). Conclusions Most severe and critically ill patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 are at nutritional risk. The patients with higher nutrition risk have worse outcome, and require nutritional therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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BackgroundThe relation between infant feeding and growth has been extensively evaluated, but studies examining the volume of formula milk consumption on infant growth are limited. This study aimed to examine the effects of early feeding of larger volumes of formula on growth and risk of overweight in later infancy.MethodsIn total, 1093 infants were studied prospectively. Milk records collected at 3 mo of age were used to define the following 3 feeding groups: breast milk feeding (BM, no formula), lower-volume formula milk feeding (LFM, <840 ml formula/d), and higher-volume formula milk feeding (HFM, ≥840 ml formula/d). Body weight and length were measured at 3 time points of 3, 6 and 12 mo of age.ResultsThe results showed that the difference in weight and length between the HFM and BM infants was significant at 3 mo of age (P < 0.05) and continued until 12 mo of age (P < 0.001). The adjusted mean changes in weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ) and BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) from 3 to 6 mo of age were significantly higher in HFM and LFM group than in BM group. Two-way interactions between feeding practice and age intervals were significant for WLZ changes (P = 0.002) and BAZ changes (P = 0.017). Compared with BM-fed infants, infants fed with HFM had 1.60-fold (95% CI 1.05–2.44) higher odds of greater body weight (1SD < WLZ ≤2 SD) at the age of 6 mo and 1.55-fold (95% CI 1.01–2.37) higher odds of greater body weight and 2.13-fold (95% CI 1.03–4.38) higher odds of overweight (WLZ > 2 SD) at the age of 12 mo.ConclusionFeeding higher volumes of formula in early infancy is associated with greater body weight and overweight in later infancy.