RBCCV 44205-76 POMERANTZEFF, P. M. A. ; PÊGO-FERNANDES, P. M.; KIOKA, Y.; CARDOSO, R. H. A.; GALUCCI, S. D. D.; MANSUR, A. ; DIAS, A. R. ; GRINBERG, M.; BITTENCOURT, D.; STOLF, N. A. G.; VERGINELLI, G.; JATENE, A. D. -Tratamento cirúrgico da endocardite em prótese valvular cardíaca.Rev. Bras. Cir. Cardíovasc., 4(1) : 43-50, 1989. RESUMO : No período de janeiro de 1983 a março de 1988, 1.512 pacientes foram submetidos a substituição valvar, no Instituto do Coração, sendo 28 (1,85%) deles por endocardite em prótese valvular. Dezessete doentes eram do sexo masculino e a idade variou de 18 a 67 anbs, com média e desvio padrão de 36,7 ± 12,9. A avaliação da classe funcional (C.F.) revelou 11 pacientes em C.F. IV, 12 em C. F. III e 5 em C.F. II. Oito (28,5%) pacientes foram operados em condições de emergência. Um paciente era portador e válvula mecânica e 27, de válvula biológica. As hemoculturas foram positivas em 14 (50%) pacientes; o agente mais encontrado foi o Streptococcus virídans em 5 casos. O ecocardiograma realizado no pré-operatório em 27 pacientes mostrou correlação com ps achados cirúrgicos em 26 (96,2%). Na cirurgia, 17 doentes apresentavam vegetação na prótese e 11 , abscesso no anel. Na retroca, foram utilizadas biopróteses em 27 (96,4%) pacientes. A mortalidade imediata foi de 28,5% (8 doentes), ocorrendo 1 óbito tardio. A análise da associação óbito e tempo de aparecimento da endocardite, condição cirúrgica e resultado da cultura foi feita pelo teste de Qui-Quadrado (x 2 ) . Podemos concluir que as condições clínicas pré-operatórias interferem, decisivamente, no resultado cirúrgico; a cirurgia de emergência tem resultados piores, devido às condições mais críticas dos doentes; as endocardites mais precoces. são mais graves; a manipulação de focos infecciosos em pacientes com prótese valvular deve ser cuidadosa e precedida de antibioticoterapia e, nos doentes sobreviventes à operação, a evolução a longo prazo apresenta melhora significativa da classe funcional. DESCRITORES: endocardite, cirurgia; próteses valvulares cardíacas, cirurgia. INTRODUÇÃO A endocardite em próteses valvulares (EPV) é complicação pouco freqüente, porém muito grave. A intervenção cirúrgica é, freqüentemente, necessária, porém há controvérsia em relação ao melhor momento para a indicação. Diversos autores I, 2. 4, 7. 16 demonstram melhores mente, porém, na maioria dos pacientes, a cirurgia é realizada em condições gerais muito graves, por impossibilidade absoluta de controle adequado. resultados quando o paciente está controlado clinica-O objetivo do presente trabalho é a análise de 28 paCientes operados, consecutivamente, no Instituto do Coração, no período de janeiro de 1983 a março de 1989, por endocardite em prótese valvular.
This report describes a case of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis caused by Waldenström macroglobulinemia, with diffuse endocardial lesions and involvement of all 4 cardiac valves. A 77-year-old man presented with heart failure due to severe regurgitation of all 4 cardiac valves; surgical repair using bioprosthetic valves was indicated. A pathological study revealed fibrin-triggered thrombus formation that confirmed the diagnosis of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis. In cases of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, the underlying cause should be investigated.
trial fibrillation (AF) occurs as a result of various mechanisms. 1 The initiating mechanisms of AF are considered to be bradycardia, that is, premature atrial contraction (PAC). Pharmacological treatment by class I or III antiarrhythmic drugs is usually effective. 2-3 Nonetheless, some patients are refractory to antiarrhythmic agents. Atrial pacing has been shown to prevent paroxysmal AF. [4][5][6][7] Overdrive atrial pacing is thought to prevent AF triggered by bradycardia and premature atrial beats. The Atrial Pacing Preference™ (APP; Guidant, St Paul, MN, USA) algorithm allows the pacemaker to maintain a pacing rate slightly higher than the sinus rate. However, the efficacy and optimal setting of APP are unclear. The present multicenter study evaluates the efficacy of APP for the prevention of AF and the importance of optimal APP search interval setting in patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and AF. Methods Patient SelectionThe inclusion criteria were those of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association class I or II pacemaker indications, together with a history of paroxysmal episodes of AF. Each patient underwent implantation of 2 permanent pacing leads. RA leads were placed at the RA appendage, and RV leads were placed at the RV apex. The exclusion criteria were: presence of chronic AF, <20 years old, pregnancy, undergoing dialysis, chronic renal failure, and severe heart failure. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy remained essentially unchanged in all patients. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. The local ethics committee approved the study. Device CharacteristicsAll patients received a Model 1280™ (Guidant) combined with bipolar atrial and ventricular pacing leads. The device features included DDDR pacing and DDIR mode switch during atrial tachyarrhythmias and APP algorithm. The APP algorithm allows the pacemaker to maintain a pacing rate slightly higher than the sinus rate. When a Pwave is detected, the next pacing interval is shortened by 8 ms. When the pacing state is maintained for search intervals (ie, 2-128 programmable cycles), the pacing interval is prolonged by 8 ms. The APP pacing rate is limited to the Circ J 2008; 72: 700 -704 (Received July 22, 2007; revised manuscript received November 19, 2007; accepted December 11, 2007 Background Several preliminary studies have indicated that atrial pacing can prevent atrial tachyarrhythmias. The suggested mechanisms by which pacing may be effective include suppression of premature atrial beats. Methods and ResultsThe Atrial Pacing Preference™ (APP; Guidant, St Paul, MN, USA) algorithm allows the pacemaker to maintain a pacing rate slightly higher than the sinus rate. The preventive effects of APP on paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) were studied in 51 patients (70±11 years). Nine patients did not complete the protocol. The pacemaker was programmed in random order to APP off and APP on at 3 different settings (ie, 8, 16 and 32 cycles) for 4 weeks each, using a cross-over design. Percentage atrial pacing was lower...
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