Diabetes mellitus is a state of chronic hyperglycemia which causes various complications. Traditionally, The Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A Gray leaf has long been used for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the T. diversifolia leaf on blood glucose, polyphagia, and weight loss in a diabetic rat model. Rats were made diabetic with intraperitonial injection of Nicotinamide and Streptozotocin and divided into 5 groups. Group 1 were healthy rats, group 2 were diabetic rats, while groups 3, 4, and 5 were diabetic rats treated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight of 70% ethanol extract of Tithonia diversifolia leaf respectively for 28 days. Blood was taken after treatment for measuring glucose. The ethanol extract of T. diversifolia leaf decreased blood glucose in diabetic rats (P<0.05). The ethanol extract of T. diversifolia leaf significantly suppresses polyphagia and improves diabetic rat weight (P <0.05). In conclusion, Tithonia diversifolia ethanolic extract has anti-hyperglycemic effect and ameliorated the effect of diabetes mellitus symptoms, namely polyphagia and weight loss.

Introduction: Nutritional status is very closely related to the complementary feeding (CF) given to infants. Inappropriate CF practice is still commonly found in Indonesia.

<p>Elevated  cholesterol  level is one of  the risks  for cardiovascular disease  in diabetes mellitus. Exercise is one of therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of exercise on decrease cholesterol levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. This study used pre-post test one group design. Twenty-two patients with diabetes mellitus followed the intervention which is a twice a week exercise for 4 weeks. Cholesterol levels were measured before and after exercise. Data were analyzed by  dependent T-test. Cholesterol  levels in patients with  diabetes  mellitus before  the exercise reached 261.18±49.013 mg/dL and after intervention decreased to 224.41±26 mg/dL. Dependent t-test showed differences in cholesterol levels before and after exercise in patients with diabetes mellitus (p&lt;0.05). Exercise can lower cholesterol levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.</p>

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 is one of metabolism problems caused by resistance or deficiency of insulin with common symptoms of hiperglycemia where the value of Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) concentrate higher than 125 mg/dL. Physical exercise and PMR is recommended effort for DM  patient to reduce FBS concentrate. This research is conducted to know difference of effectiveness between physical exercise with PMR to reduction of FBS concentrate of DM type 2 patient in area of work Suraneggala Primary Health Center Cirebon Regency. This research used pra experiment with approach was one group pretest posttest design. Samples in research is 30 respondents selected used purposive sampling (15 respondents were given treatment of physical exercise, DM gymnastics 3 times per week for four month and 15 respondents were given treatment of PMR 2 times per day in the morning and afternoon for six days respectively). One session of exercise lasted 30 minutes. The  result of this research showed effectiveness between physical exercise effective with PMR to reduction of FBS concentrate is not difference, which suggest independent t test the value of p=0,927 (p>0,05). Physical exercise and PMR has same influence to reduce of FBS concentrate, the value of p=0,000. Means of FBS concentrate after physical exercise decreased from 171,93 to 121,73 mg/dL, means of FBS concentrate after PMR also decreased from 204,04 to 155,47 mg/dL. The conclusion of this research showed effectiveness between physical exercise with PMR to reduction of FBS concentrate in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 patient is not difference.