The article examines in detail the experience of the Iraq-Kuwait war in terms of receiving compensation for the damage caused by the war to the surrounding natural environment. In particular, the "Habitat Equivalency Analysis" methodology, which was used to determine the amount of compensatory restoration to cover losses in ecological services that were provided by natural resources before their damage. The methodology aims to estimate the total loss of services provided by a damaged or lost habitat. The FAO methodology for damage and loss assessment in agriculture was also analyzed. In which the focus is on the continuous collection of data on damage and loss in agriculture, recording the smaller and localized effects of disasters. The focus in the review of the methodology is focused on the determination of damages and losses in forestry. Such components as: damages and losses of forestry; loss of forestry production; loss of forestry products; damage to forestry assets. It was established that the considered methodology is suitable for determining the damage caused by military actions for forest resources in the part that directly concerns the forest cover. One of the areas of damage assessment in the nature management sector is the determination of options for primary (restoration) recovery. This stage refers to actions aimed at restoring the damaged resource and, if possible, returning it to the basic level (before the war), which involves establishing recovery goals; determination of primary restoration options; selection of primary restoration options; assessment of intermediate damages, etc. The choice of primary restoration options should be the result of an evaluation process based on the following criteria, but not limited to cost of implementation; the length of time it will take for the recovery to be effective; probability of success, etc. The next steps should be a large-scale damage assessment in accordance with generally accepted methods, development of ways to restore the natural environment and identification of funds to minimize or eliminate the damage caused to the elements of the environment or natural resources.

National environmental policy in Ukraine declares introducing of the ecosystem approach into all aspects of social and economic development, as well as conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems. The legislative acts sustain support of ecosystem services will enhance sustainable development of the society and ecosystems. One of the Sustainable Development Goals for Ukraine until 2030 concerns protection and restoration of terrestrial ecosystems like inland freshwaters, mountains, forests and meadows. It proves ecosystem management tools are relevant for the environmental policy and methodological basis for those tools being applied is assessment of ecosystem assets and services. Concept of ecosystem assets is quite innovative in Ukraine, and its definitions and visions of functions differ a lot. Both Ukrainian and foreign researchers focus mostly on ecosystem services, approaches to assess them and administration of the payments. Ecosystem assets and issues on their evaluations well as introduction of the ecosystem approach into the managerial practices are still underdeveloped. The paper is to define economic sense of ecosystem assets for provision of the sustainable development of territories. Evaluation of ecosystem assets is important for local communities in order to assess scope of ecosystem payments, elaborate local development strategies, and make decisions if economic activities communities carry on have to be altered. There are no universal rules for such the evaluation, and with foreign experience alone it is difficult to decide how territorial communities can assess their ecosystem assets and which tangible benefits they will get from it. Therefore, it is needed make more efforts in Ukraine too in order to introduce the tool and identify priority areas for its application, i.e. land and water use, biodiversity and so on. So that enhance implementation of the ecosystem approach into the management practices, considerable amendments in the legislation are required. Pilot projects on evaluation of ecosystem assets would be helpful and confirm feasibility of the approach. Even more, such the projects would assist to assess ecosystem services particularly produced by protected areas, water, soils and landfills.

Relations between national priorities of the social development and up-to-date social, ecological and economic imperatives are determined. The process of mutual transformation of the national priorities, imperatives and rise of efficiency of the territorial assets’ use is represented. Choice of the priorities, tools and levers of their achievement depends on a type of a territory and its assets. National priorities for Ukraine are identified and according to their impact, functions and goals are integrated with imperatives to be realized on different rural areas.

Ільїна М.В., доктор економічних наук, старший науковий співробітник, провідний науковий співробітник відділу проблем економіки земельних і лісових ресурсів, Інститут економіки природокористування та сталого розвитку Національної академії наук України Шпильова Ю.Б., доктор економічних наук, старший науковий співробітник, старший науковий співробітник відділу проблем економіки земельних і лісових ресурсів, Інститут економіки природокористування та сталого розвитку Національної академії наук України

Public-private partnership is the instrument of cooperation between state and business. It has many forms and functions but the only purpose to improve welfare of the territories. In relations between state and business the partnership can play dominant, subsidiary or supervisory role, regulate the institutional mechanism of financial cooperation, develop strategies, solve conflicts and provide social, communal and infrastructure services. Currently implementation of the public-private partnership mechanism in Ukraine is complicated because of shortcomings and gaps in legislation, deficit of different levels budgets, institutional inability of local governments to plan and implement partnership projects and low efficiency of economic activity of business entities. Concerning implementation of the mechanism on rural areas it should be substantially enhanced at the national level for many reasons. Firstly economic situation in most rural areas in Ukraine is depressed and community budgets lack funds. It proves the necessity to intensify economic cooperation and introduce other forms of cooperation. On the other hand, many negative socio-demographic trends (migration, depopulation, social exclusion and marginalization) are inherent in rural areas. It makes difficult for local governments to cooperate with communities members. Capability of the state to support partnerships is also complicated major because of underdeveloped organizational and economic support mechanism. Lack of annual plans to finance partnership projects, funds, technical support to implement projects, and no ways to get state guarantees are the evidence. Taking into account rural territories have no much capacity for development, the mechanism of public-private partnership should include the following key steps: identifying priority areas for PPP application, considering socio-economic potential of different types of the territories and social relevance of a project for a community; improving the qualification level of project management personnel; involvement of the private sector into infrastructural projects; state support for pilot projects; ensuring more transparency in decision making and use of budget resources and simplifying project selection requirements. Implementation of the PPP mechanism on rural areas will improve their infrastructure and satisfy social needs of residents. In order to improve the mechanism of state support for the implementation of PPP projects at the local level it is needed to establish a national specialized agency, define clearly powers of the state authorities, local self-government authorities and members of communities involved into PPP implementation. The other task is to create an informational framework. The purpose of the article is to substantiate how the public-private partnership’s mechanism can work on rural areas.