Patchouli oil obtained from patchouli plants (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) has been widely used as an antibacterial agent in liquid and solid soap preparation. In this research, patchouli oil was added to liquid soap formula which use sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) surfactant. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical characteristics and antibacterial activity of patchouli oil liquid soaps based on SLES surfactant. The Liquid soaps were prepared into four formulas with variation of patchouli oil concentration that were F0 (0.00% w/w), F1 (0.05% w/w), F2 (0.50% w/w), and F3 (1.00% w/w). The liquid soaps were evaluated including organoleptic, microscopic property, physical stability by using centrifuge test, pH, foam height and stability, viscosity and rheology, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by using disc diffusion method and chloramphenicol as a positive control. The results showed that all liquid soap formulas had following characteristics: translucent except F3 slightly murky, homogen, stable after centrifuge test, pH between 6.55 – 6.66 that were no significantly different and met SNI standards of liquid soap, foam height between 2.67 – 3.23 cm that were no significantly different and stable after 5 minutes of testing, viscosity between 2237 – 2397 cPs relatively equal in all formulas with pseudoplastic rheological properties. The patchouli oil liquid soaps had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, where F0, F1, F2, F3 and positive control result in inhibition zone diameter of 11.26±2.60 mm, 14.60 ± 2.45mm, 15.51 ± 0.44 mm, 17.97 ± 0.71 mm and 19.00 ± 3.92 mm respectively. Based on the ANOVA one way test, the addition of 1% patchouli oil gave a significant effect on the inhibition zone diameter compared to F0 (without patchouli oil)
Ethyl acetate fraction of the Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg extract have a potency to treat the cardiovascular diseases have poorly solubility in water. The purpose of this study was to improve the solubility of the extract. One of method to improve the solubility of the extract by mixing with cyclodextrin polymers and their derivatives. Hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a water-soluble polymer can enhance the β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) activity. Three comparisons extract and ß-cyclodextrin were: 1:2, 1:4, and 1:6 by mixing with the addition hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose 0.12%of the total weight of extract and β-CD for each formula. The sample was prepared by kneading method. The sample characterization was used Karl Fischer titration, Scanning Electron Microscopy and solubility study.Content of total flavonoid from the extract was 32.7%. The Result showed that the addition polymer combination of β-CD + HPMC caused increasing the solubility of extract in water7.04% (F1), 19.47% (F2) and 59.92% (F3) compared to extract control with significant differences at level of confidence 95% (p ≤ 0.05).
Gamma-oryzanol merupakan senyawa antioksidan alami yang diperoleh dari minyak dedak padi atau yang lebih dikenal dengan rice bran oil (RBO). Gamma-oryzanol diketahui dapat melindungi kulit dari radiasi ultraviolet dan meningkatkan kelembaban kulit, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antikerut dan pelembab kulit di bidang kosmetik. Terdapat dua komponen penting yang menentukan sifat fisik emulgel, yaitu emulgator dan gelling agent. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pengaruh variasi konsentrasi polimer karbopol 940 sebagai gelling agent terhadap sifat fisik emulgel gamma-oryzanol. Konsentrasi karbopol 940 yang digunakan dalam formulasi adalah 0,5% (pada F1), 0,75% (pada F2) dan 1 % (pada F3). Evaluasi sifat dan stabilitas fisik sediaan emulgel dilakukan terhadap beberapa parameter uji, yaitu pengamatan organoleptis, pengukuran diameter globul rata-rata, penentuan pH, penentuan sifat alir dan kekentalan, uji daya sebar dan uji sentrifugasi. Evaluasi stabilitas fisik sediaan emulgel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penyimpanan pada suhu 4oC, 26±2oC dan 40oC, uji cycling test dan uji sentrifugasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi konsentrasi karbopol 940 berpengaruh terhadap sifat dan stabilitas fisik sediaan. Peningkatan konsentrasi karbopol 940 menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan viskositas emulgel dan ukuran diameter globul rata-rata, serta penurunan daya sebar. Uji stabilitas fisik menunjukkan ketiga formula sediaan emulgel gamma-oryzanol mengalami perubahan nilai parameter uji yang tidak bermakna pada sifat organoleptis. Berdasarkan hasil uji sentrifugasi, emulgel yang mengandung Carbopol 0,75% (F2) memiliki stabilitas fisik terbaik.
Halal gelatin extracted from goatskin could be used as a new excipient in pharmaceutical dosage forms. This study was to determine the potency of gelatin extracted from goatskin as a binder on paracetamol tablets using wet granulation process with 2, 3 and 4% concentration ranges. As a comparison, tablets were formulated using bovine gelatin at the same concentration level. The results showed that weight variation, thickness uniformity and hardness value have met the requirements. Here, the paracetamol tablets using goatskin gelatin as a binder had better friability value, faster disintegration time and easier dissolution than the comparison (p < 0.05). Comparative test result showed increasing the concentration of gelatine caused the hardness value to go up, the disintegration time to take longer, and the tablet friability value to decrease (p < 0.05). The best tablets were produced with the 3% concentration of goatskin gelatine with the following evaluation results: the hardness value of 15.07 ± 0.67 Kp, the disintegration time of 3.71 ± 1.00 minutes and the friability value of 0.62% ± 0.89 respectively. The concentration of paracetamol in the 30th-minute dissolution test was equal to 99.78 ± 0.94%. The goatskin gelatin was very promising as a good binder using the wet granulation process.
Some metformin hydrochloride extended-release (MetHCl-XR) tablet products have been marketed in Indonesia with varying prices. In general, price is considered to indicates the quality of a product. This research was conducted to review the products quality, especially the dissolution rate of the products, and to find out if the price is an indicator of the product quality. Three brands of MetHCl 500 mg XR tablets were randomly selected, namely Tablet A, B, and C which the price of Tablet B > A > C, then the Tablets were characterized. The results showed that Tablet A, B, and C contain MetHCl with an average of 100.61%, 98.72%, and 101.15% respectively, and met the uniformity of dosage unit requirement. Tablet A met the requirements of dissolution tests 1, 2, 3, and 4, while Tablet B and C met the requirements of dissolution tests 1 and 3. The cumulative percentage of MetHCl release at the 10th hour of Tablet A, B, and C were 94.18%, 97.24%, and 94.59% respectively with the release kinetics of Tablet A and B following Higuchi model, whereas Tablet C following a first-order. Drug release of all tablets occurred in non-Fick diffusion. In conclusion, the three tablets met the standards required by USP 43 and the price is not an indicator of MetHCl-XR tablet products quality.
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