The research is devoted to the study of digital protectionism technologies, in particular, Internet censorship as a non-tariff barrier to digital trade and the determination of the strategic motives of states to use them. The reports ‘Freedom on the Net’ and ‘The network readiness index 2020’ acted as a basic data source for the study of modern instruments of government regulation of interactions in the digital environment. Internet censorship technologies have been considered in six countries with varying levels of Internet freedom: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Armenia and Estonia. The key instruments of digital protectionism as a non-tariff barrier of the digital economy have been identified, such as: localisation requirements; restrictions on cross-border data flow; system of national protection of intellectual property rights; discriminatory, unique standards or burdensome testing; filtering or blocking; restrictions on electronic payment systems or the use of encryption; cybersecurity threats and forced technology transfer. Internet censorship technologies have been demonstrated and their influence on the strategic development of trade relations between economies in cyberspace has been determined. The scientific value of the article lies in substantiating the understanding of Internet censorship as a natural tool for regulating the development of a digital society and international trade relations. Each state at one time goes through a technological stage of development, which leads to the emergence of different levels of digital isolation and integration; and Internet censorship is a natural element in the system of building a national platform economy and consolidating the country’s internal technological and innovative advantages in digital realities.

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The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and methodological proposals and practical recommendations for the formation of a strategy for the optimal transition to a ‘single digital market’ system based on the effective functioning of national innovative infrastructures in the context of expanding digitalization. With the help of SWOT analysis, the structuring of the factors of development of digitalization was carried out. Based on the analysis, a structure for managing the digital economy in Russia was formed. Simulation modelling of optimization of the digital economy in Russia has been carried out. As a result, a strategy was developed for Russia’s transition to a ‘digital single market’. The developed strategy makes it possible to take into account that a quick transition to an efficient digital economy is impossible due to the existing threats to the development of the digital market in Russia. Practical application of the developed strategy for the transition to a ‘digital single market’ will make it possible to more effectively manage emerging threats on the path to digitalization and make optimal use of opportunities for development. At the same time, this strategy is applicable to public sector, business sector and individual households.

Аннотация. В данной работе анализируются формулировки конституций и уставов субъектов Российской Федерации, закрепляющие источник региональной государственной власти. Дается оценка используемым для этого терминам: «народ», «граждане», «жители», «население». Исследуется опыт Волгоградской области, устав которой признаёт источником власти многонациональный народ России. В качестве основных методов исследования использовались формально-юридический и сравнительно-правовой. Применение сравнительно-правового метода обеспечило возможность анализа нормативно закреплённых источников государственной власти в различных субъектах РФ. Авторы приходят к выводу, что указание на народ как источник власти субъекта Российской Федерации отсылает нас к традиционной конституционной терминологии и является вполне уместным для текста региональной конституции или устава. При этом есть основания не вести речь о народе конкретного субъекта федерации, а рассматривать в качестве источника власти в регионе российский народ в целом. В этом случае органы государственной власти субъектов Российской Федерации должны являться выразителями интересов и воли народа (соответственно народа России и народа субъекта РФ). Особое внимание должно при этом уделяться обозначению той сферы, в которой решающая роль отводится собственно волеизъявлению жителей субъекта Российской Федерации, так как иное может вступить в противоречие с принципом федерализма. Положения настоящей работы могут быть использованы в научной, учебной и законотворческой деятельности. Ключевые слова: народ, многонациональный народ, источник власти, референдум, субъект Российской Федерации, устав субъекта федерации, региональное законотворчество.

Introduction: the changes in the social and economic situation in recent years and the sanctions policy towards the Russian Federation require adjustments to the main strategic interests and priorities of the Russian state’s policy in the field of agro-industrial complex and ensuring the country’s food security. The purpose of the work is to identify the main factors that influence the formation of new principles and interests of the state in the field of food security, their reflection in the basic documents on ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation. The methodological framework for the study is the method of scientific analysis, as well as the comparative method. The result of the research is to determine the main trends in the legal support of food security in the context of the constitutional and agrarian legislation reform. Conclusions: in comparison with the previous documents, it is concluded that the list of the state interests, goals and objectives in the field of agriculture is enlarged by strengthening the requirements of social security and social protection, as well as expanding national agricultural production in order to achieve a state of food independence, ensuring the export policy. In the context of the July 2020 decisions the all-Russian vote on Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation justifies the increased importance of food security issues, creating conditions for improving the standard of living of citizens, social obligations of the state in the field of agriculture, and sustainable development of rural territories. It is pointed out that it is necessary to take into account the requirements of environmental safety in the strategic planning in the agri-food sector.