The article presents the research of kinetics and intensity of convective-radiation foam drying of gelatin broth from ordinary fish processing wastes in the Astrakhan region. Approximating dependences of dry gelatin removal from the unit area of the working surface per unit time on the varied factors have been obtained. The rational modes of the process, in which the maximum specific removal of the dry product is achieved, have been determined. It has been found that using only radiation energy supply makes the process of foaming gelatin broth difficult due to the uncontrolled sharp increase of temperature of the product and, as a consequence, the subsequent melting and destruction of the foam. Putting radiation energy supply into the process of convective foam drying of the gelatinized broth under rational conditions increases the specific productivity of the process by three times.
To provide efficient processing of fish assorted raw material (chilled or frozen) there have been studied the properties of formed combined fish and vegetable products. Pike perch and carp minced meat was chosen as samples for research, into which dry powder of white cabbage was added. The results of thermodynamic analysis of hygroscopic properties for determining the ratio of free and bound moisture in minced products have been presented. The obtained data prove that introduction of powdered premix leads to a decrease in free moisture in the mixture due to its partial binding by premix. The upper level of the content of the additive in the mixture is limited by sensory evaluation, because when this limit is exceeded, the indicators of the resulting semi-finished product may radically differ from the model sample. There are given the results of studying thermophysical properties of frozen objects at ordinary temperatures and below zero, structural and mechanical properties, in particular, density, conditional coefficient of effective dynamic viscosity, amount of frozen moisture, cryoscopic temperatures of cryopreservation objects. The established mathematical dependencies of the characteristics of products and concentrates can be used in engineering practice in the design of production processes and apparatuses in processing raw materials of animal and vegetable origin. The obtained research results are necessary for the scientific analysis of kinetics and dynamics of heat and mass exchange processes (cooling and freezing), their modeling and optimization for the purpose of energy and resource saving in processing food materials.
Предложена математическая модель выбора оптимальной стратегии поведения участников управления производством рыбной продукции. Модель предполагает учет и анализ большого числа меняющихся параметров, поскольку управление деятельностью в сфере рыбного хозяй-ства происходит в условиях неопределенности (связанной с неполнотой информации или ее неточностью; с предпочтениями лица, принимающего решение, и отношением к риску при разработке стратегий поведения в производственном процессе) и наличия различного рода рисков (погодные, антропогенные, эпидемиологические, информационные, производственные и т. д.). Для оценки полезности решения правила выбора объединены на основе различных сверток критериев. Выбор оптимальной стратегии позволяет снизить экономические потери. Результаты исследования имеют прикладной характер и могут быть использованы в разработ-ках, связанных с проектированием информационных систем, систем поддержки принятия ре-шений для рыбодобывающей отрасли.Ключевые слова: аквакультура, системы поддержки принятия решений, оптимальная стратегия. ВведениеРазвитие товарной аквакультуры является приоритетным направлением в рыбном хозяйстве России [1] и требует развития информатизации для повышения эффективности деятельности в этой сфере. В настоящее время в Российской Федерации создан Государственный рыбохозяй-ственный реестр, который представляет собой систематизированный свод документированной информации о водных биоресурсах, об их использовании и сохранении. Перечень видов инфор-мации в реестре определен законодательством и обширен [2, 3]. Задачи, решаемые автоматизи-рованной информационной системой «Государственный рыбохозяйственный реестр», ограни-чены сбором документированной информации, хранением и подготовкой итоговых отчетов, учетом запросов на предоставление информации из реестра. Но нет практики использования электронных баз данных о рыбохозяйственных предприятиях для ранжирования по инвестици-онной привлекательности и эффективности. Нет также механизма выбора оптимальных вариан-тов ведения бизнеса предприятий в сходных условиях по накопленным ретроспективным дан-ным о результатах производства в рыбном хозяйстве.Уровень информационной прозрачности в отношении факторов риска предприятий рыбо-хозяйственной отрасли важен для инвесторов, стремящихся эффективно вложить свои средства в рыбную отрасль, для государства, поддерживающего производителей специальными про-граммами, а также для производителей, которые хотят аккумулировать опыт управления дея-тельностью и снизить производственные риски в будущем на основе анализа данных в специа-лизированных базах данных.В настоящее время необходима разработка информационных систем, систем поддержки принятия решений тактического плана для динамической оценки эффективности предприятий и выбора оптимальных решений в производственном процессе, зависящих от таких стохастиче-ских факторов, как спрос на рыбную продукцию, качество воды по гидрохимическим и гидро-биологическим параметрам, уровень воды в подводящих каналах, водотоках, задержка залитая нерестовых угодий, продол...
Introduction. The mechanical characteristics of foam gelatin broth make it a promising material for studying the process of obtaining dry gelatin. The preliminary foaming of the product and the use of infrared (radiation) energy supply during its dehydration can significantly improve the process. Study objects and methods. The research featured gelatinized gelatin broth prepared from fish wastes. The efficiency of the proposed drying method was assessed by comparative studies of the kinetics and intensity of convective and convective-radiation foam drying. Specific productivity of the process was selected as evaluation criterion. Results and discussion. The paper introduces a method of convective radiation foam drying of gelatinized fish broth. A set of experiments made it possible to define the optimal process conditions with the maximum yield of dry gelatin, i.e. 0.998 kg/(m2·h): initial concentration of solids in the product C = 0.24 kg/kg; temperature T = 292–295 K, humidity W = 50–60%; the speed of the drying agent v = 4–5 m/s; the initial diameter of the foam rod dI = 0,004 m; the density of the heat flux incident on one side of the rod E = 2.45 kW/m2; the wavelength of infrared emitters λ = 1.01–1.11 microns. The research revealed the effect of the main factors influencing the drying process on the approximating dependences of the specific yield of dry gelatin from a unit area of the working surface per unit of time. The introduction of radiation energy supply into the process of convective foam drying of gelatinized broth under rational conditions was three times as high as the specific productivity of the process. An analysis of the kinetics of convective and convective-radiation drying helped to obtain some functional dependences of the drying speed of the foamed gelatin broth extrusions from the concentration of dry substances in the product for the considered process conditions. An analysis of heat and mass transfer during convective-radiation foam drying was performed using the velocity curves. The nature of the change in the drying rate of the product proved typical of most biopolymers. Conclusion. The results obtained are applicable in the calculations of the productivity of drying equipment in dry gelatin production and other products with similar complex properties.
The article highlights the important factors of gas treatment. The dew point of commercial gas is one of the main normalized indicators, since the moisture content in commercial gas has a significant impact on the uptime of automatic equipment, on reducing corrosion of gas pipelines, process equipment and compressor stations during gas transportation. Adsorption drying of natural gas is a widely used method in the Russian gas industry. This method is characterized by the high level of environmental safety. Besides, the advantages of the method include the absence of the liquid phase and corrosive fluids in the commercial gas, low specific adsorbent consumption and the high degree of process automation. The article presents an overview of practical methods of adsorption drying of natural gas when preparing it for transportation. The advantages of adsorption drying over other methods are considered; the constructive disadvantages of absorber types are described; the ways of eliminating them are proposed
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