The physical and structural characteristics of pentacene thin films on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass were studied. The pentacene films were deposited using the thermal evaporation method with deposition times of 20, 30, and 60 minutes. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images revealed that film thickness increased with deposition time, with a bulk phase layer appearing at 60 minutes. The presence of the thin-film phase corresponding to 15.5 Å lattice spacing was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns in pentacene films with deposition times of 20 and 30 minutes. Meanwhile, with a deposition time of 60 minutes and a lattice spacing of 14.5 Å, the existence of the bulk phase was verified in the pentacene film. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the crystallinity of the pentacene films revealed that the pentacene films deposited on ITO-coated glass exhibited the formation of similar islands with modular grains, results in a fine crystalline structure. From the current-voltage (I-V) and current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics, the pentacene films were ohmic and that current increased as the pentacene’s thickness decreased. Pentacene films deposited on an ITO-coated glass substrate showed potential in the development of broadband and narrowband optoelectronic devices on a transparent substrate.

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Jumlah kendaraan di kota- kota besar akan semakin bertambah seiring berjalannya waktu, begitu juga dengan kota Pekanbaru. Peningkatan volume kendaraan yang tidak disertai dengan peningkatan volume jalan akan menimbulkan masalah kemacetan lalu lintas yang tidak terhindarkan. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, Pemerintah Daerah Pekanbaru menerapkan sistem Bus Trans Metro Pekanbaru, yang dikenal dengan TMP pada tahun 2009. Diharapkan pengguna kendaraan pribadi akan beralih ke TMP. Namun hingga saat ini, TMP masih memiliki peminat yang rendah. Tidak sebandingnya bus yang beroperasi dan panjangnya jalur operasi menyebabkan selang waktu antar bus pada satu tempat menjadi sangat lama. Tidak adanya kepastian kapan bus akan sampai ke halte menjadi salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan kegagalan sistem ini. Posisi dan kecepatan bus yang didapat dari modul GPS akan dibaca myRIO (Kontroler) dan dikirimkan ke database mySQL pada server PCR. Data tersebut akan digunakan untuk menentukan waktu sampai ke perhentian berikutnya. Data waktu akan ditempilkan pada situs web. Selain itu, alat yang dibuat akan dilengkapi NFC reader untuk pembuatan sistem pembayaran tiket yang akan memotong saldo berdasarkan jarak yang ditempuh

In this study, an electric wheelchair that combines two controls: joystick analog and voice control is designed. IC MCP3008 is used to navigate wheelchairs by using Josytick, where joystick analog data will be converted into digital data. The movements resulted from the joystick analog on the xAxis axis (horizontally) are the right turn and left turn, and on the yAxis axis (vertically) are forward and backward. The movements on the yAxis and xAxis axes set by the user affects the speed of the wheelchair. Meanwhile, the AMR-Voice application on Android is used to navigate wheelchairs by using sound. There are five commands in this voice control: “Forward”, “backward”, “left”, “right”, “stop”. The order will be sent to Raspberry Pi 3 via the HC-06 module to then be recognized for the command. If the voice commands are received accordingly, Raspberry Pi 3 will provide an activation signal to the motor driver to move the wheelchair in the direction corresponding to the command given by the user. Voice control testing on wheelchairs is tested in quiet rooms and noisy rooms. The results of the wheelchair control testing with sound indicate that the accuracy and speed of the wheelchair response rely heavily on Internet connection and room conditions. The average response when the condition of the room is quiet is 0.16 s and when the condition of the room is noisy is 5.18 s. Wheelchairs with joystick control and the voice made can be used for the disabled, whether for those who can move their fingers or not, at a low cost so that they can be an alternative in developing countries.