This study aims to determine: (1) the effect of problem based learning model on students mathematical communication skills, (2) the effect of problem based learning model on students self-confidence, (3) the interaction between learning models (problem based learning and conventional learning) and early mathematics ability to students mathematical communication skills, and (4) the interaction between learning models (problem based learning and conventional learning) and early mathematics ability to student's self-confidence. This study is a quasi-experimental research. The population in this study were all students of class VIII junior high school 2 Tanjung Pura consisting of six classes. Samples were selected by simple random sampling as much as two classes. The selected class is VIII-2 as the experimental class (31 students) and VIII-1 as the control class (32 students). The instruments used are mathematical communication skills test, early mathematics ability test, self-confidence questionnaire. Data obtained from the research instruments were analyzed using two-way ANOVA by SPSS program. The results showed that: (1) there is significant effect of problem based learning model to students mathematical communication skill, (2) there is a significant effect of problem based learning model to students self-confidence, (3) there is interaction between learning models (problem based learning and conventional learning) and early mathematics ability to students' mathematical communication skills, (4) there is interaction between learning models (problem based learning and conventional learning) and early mathematics ability to student's self-confidence.

This study aims to determine: (1) Differences in learning outcomes from Social Science of students who study with the learning model of IT-media-assisted Team Quiz with those who learn with the learning model of image-media-assisted Team Quiz, (2) Differences in the learning outcomes of Social Science of students learning with the learning model of IT-media-assisted Team Quiz with the learning model of image-media-assisted Team Quiz based on the level of motivation, (3) Interaction between learning model of IT-media-assisted Team Quiz and motivation to learn on the learning outcomes of Social Science content of the subtheme of Diversity of Ethnicity and Religion in my Country in students of class IV of Public Primary School 026609 of South Binjai.This research was conducted in Public Primary School 026609 of South Binjai. The population in this study were students of class IV of Public Primary School 026609 of South Binjai which consisted of 2 classes, namely class IV-A of 25 students and class IV-B of 25 students.The population consists of 50 students. The research method used is quasi-experimental. Data was collected using questionnaires and multiple choice tests. Two-way ANAVA is used for data analysis.The results show that:(1) There are differences in the learning outcomes of Social Science by the learning model of IT-media-assisted Team Quiz with the learning model of image-media-assisted Team Quiz, where F-counted = 74.874 and significance level of 0.000 with α = 0.05, so it can be seen that the significance level of 0.000 < 0.05; (2) There are differences in learning outcomes by the learning model of IT-media-assisted Team Quiz and the learning model of image-media-assisted Team Quiz based on the level of motivation, where F-counted = 110.966 and significance level of 0.000 are obtained with α = 0.05, so it can be seen that the significance level of 0,000 <0.05; (3) There is an interaction between the learning model of IT-media-assisted Team Quiz and learning motivation in influencing the learning outcomes of Social Science of students in the subtheme of diversity of ethnicity and religion in my country, where F-counted = 22.115 and a significant level of 0.000 with α = 0.05, so it can be seen that the significance level of 0,000 <0.05.

This research and development aim to know the effectiveness of participatory-based circuit learning models, analysis, creativity, activity, demonstration and innovation to improve the ability to play tennis court, junior high school students. This research design refers to the research and development model of Borg and Gall. In general, the development measures for this research are carried out in four stages, namely: (1) the first stage is preliminary research; (2) the second stage is model development planning; (3) the third stage is validation, evaluation, and revision of the model; and (4) the fourth stage is the implementation of the model. Test the model's effectiveness using tests developed by researchers and data analysis using the formula of t test observation replay with the level of signification α = 0.05, overall data analysis using the help of the program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for version 23.0. The results of this study can be concluded that effective model learning circuit-based participatory, analytical, creative, active, demonstration and innovative to improve the ability to play tennis courts. Based on the effectiveness tests, they are empirically proven that the results of products in participatory-based circuit learning models, analysis, creative, active, demonstration, and innovation for junior high school have excellent effectiveness.

A patent is an exclusive right granted by the State to an inventor on the results of his invention in the field of technology, which for a certain period of time, carries out the inventory himself or gives his consent to another party to carry it out. This study aims to determine whether patent rights can be categorized as inherited assets. This research is library research where the descriptive method is used to describe the position of the patent rights, while the comparative method compares the patent rights with Islamic law, and the analysis method is to analyze whether a patent can be classified into inheritance law and how to inherit it. The results showed that a patent is a right that can be categorized as al-māl gahir al-mutaqawwim, which is immeasurable, and its value varies (uncertain). Patents have different characteristics from rights that can be inherited in general. The object of inheritance in a patent is the reward obtained from the use of a process or an invention that has been patented. If the patented invention is not used, nothing will be inherited from the patent right. The distribution of royalties obtained from a patent right can be carried out with several provisions, including waiting until a certain time limit, and then the property is divided based on the provisions of Islamic inheritance, or the property is directly distributed whenever there is the use of a patent by another party.