The mineral and organic composition of seminal plasma, physical spermatological parameters and their physiological relationships were investigated in Salmo trutta macrostigma. The seminal plasma contained 121.0 ± 0.37mM/l (Na⁺), 8.18 ± 0.03mM/l (K⁺), 7.23 ± 0.03 mg/dl (Ca²⁺), 3.19 ± 0.02 mEq/l (Mg⁺⁺), 0.48 ± 0.02 g/dl total protein, 6.07 ± 0.06 mg/dl cholesterol, 6.24 ± 0.08 mg/dl triglyceride and 9.97 ± 0.39 mg/dl urea. The following physical spermatological parameters were found out: sperm volume 13.93 ± 0.84 ml, sperm motility 80.37 ± 2.36%, movement duration 81.47 ± 4.21 s, density 6.02 ± 0.46 × 10⁹/ml, total density 8.85 ± 6.12 × 10⁹ and pH 7.53 ± 0.20. Significant positive relationships were determined between motility duration and motility (r = 0.83, P < 0.01) and also between spermatocrit and motility (r = 0.536, P < 0.05). Sperm volume and total density negatively correlated with motility (r = –0.191, P > 0.05 and r = –0.087, P > 0.05, respectively). The Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^– ions correlated negatively with motility (r = –0.267, P > 0.05, r = –0.152, P > 0.05 and r = –0.461, P > 0.05, respectively). On the other hand, the Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions correlated positively with motility (r = 0.114, P > 0.05 and r = 0.040, P > 0.05, respectively). A significant negative relationship was found between motility and urea (r = –0.515, P < 0.05). These parameters should be considered when developing procedures for short-term storage or cryopreservation of the Salmo trutta macrostigma sperm.

In this research, the mineral and organic composition of the seminal plasma, physical spermatological parameters and their physiological relationships were investigated in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The seminal plasma contained 98.14 AE 5.23 mM L À 1 (Na 1 ), 380.85 AE 25.95 mM L À 1 (K 1 ), 30.25 AE 4.96 mg dL À 1 (Ca 21 ), 19.16 AE 1.70 mEq L À 1 (Mg 21 ), 1.36 AE 0.11mg dL À 1 glucose, 0.37 AE 0.08 g dL À 1 total protein,12.02 AE 1.18 mg dL À 1 cholesterol,14.85 AE 1.50 mg dL À 1 triglyceride and 43.5 AE 9.56 mg dL À 1 urea. The following spermatological parameters were found: sperm volume 14.44 AE 1.16 mL, sperm motility 80.60 AE 1.55%, movement duration 67.68 AE 4.32 s, density 15.43 AE 0.72 Â 10 9 mL À 1 , total density 337.43145.86 Â 10 9 and pH 7.24 AE 0.17. The Na 1 and Ca 21 ions correlated negatively with spermatozoa motility (r 5 À 0.453, P40.05 and r 5 À 0.192, P40.05) respectively. The K 1 ion correlated positively with spermatozoa motility (r 5 0.545, P40.05). But a statistically signi¢cant correlation was not observed between sperm motility and seminal plasma parameters. The following correlations were observed between mineral and organic components. The Mg 21 was positively correlated with glucose and cholesterol (r 5 0.692, Po0.05 and r 5 0.680, Po0.05) respectively. A highly signi¢cant positive relationship was also found between Mg 21 and total protein (r 5 0.837, Po0.01). On the other hand, a signi¢cantly negative relationship was found between Ca 21 and triglyceride (r 5 À 0.639, Po0.05). These parameters should be considered when developing procedures for either arti¢cial fertilization or for cryopreservation of grass carp sperm.

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The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different extenders, cryoprotectants and glycerol additions on the postthaw fertility and interactions between extenders and cryoprotectants during cryopreservation. Semen was collected by abdominal stripping from 30 adult male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) and diluted with three different extenders (Erdahl-Graham, Lahnsteiner, glucosebased) containing 15% DMA, 15% DMSO, 15% DMA + 1% glycerol and 15% DMSO + 1% glycerol at a ratio of 1 : 2. Diluted samples were frozen as 0.1 ml pellets directly on dry ice (solid CO 2 , )79°C). Eggs were pooled from 10 females. Fertilization was applied in plastic dishes and 600 eggs were used in each fertilization trial. Pellets were thawed in their own extenders (30°C) at a ratio of 1 : 10. 0.3% NaCl was used for activating motility. Sperm-egg ratio was approximately 3 · 10 6 sp per egg. Experimental success was determined as the percentage of eyed-eggs 25 days after fertilization. The highest eyed-egg rate (49.3%) was obtained from semen frozen with glucose-based extender containing 15% DMSO + 1% glycerol. Our results indicate that the glucose-based extender containing DMSO is a useful combination, but that the addition of glycerol does not have a positive effect on postthaw fertility, and that interaction of the extender-cryoprotectant is also important in the cryopreservation of rainbow trout semen.

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