Microvascular Obstruction (MVO) is a common consequence of acute myocardial infarction. MVO is underdiagnosed and treatment is often nonspecific and ineffective. A multi-scale in-vitro benchtop model was established to investigate drug perfusion in MVO affected microcirculation. The central element of the benchtop model was a fluidic microchip containing channels with diameters between $$555$$ 555 and 50 μm representing $$2\%$$ 2 % of the microvascular tree fed by the left anterior descending artery (LAD). The outlets of the chip could be closed to mimic MVO. Two methods for intracoronary infusion of pharmacologic agents (simulated by dye) to regions with MVO were investigated using an occlusion-infusion catheter. The first case was a simple, bolus-like infusion into the LAD, whereas the second case consisted of infusion with concomitant proximal occlusion of the LAD phantom with a balloon. Results show that local dye concentration maxima in the chip with MVO were 2.2–3.2 times higher for the case with proximal balloon occlusion than for the conventional infusion method. The cumulated dose could be raised by a factor 4.6–5.2. These results suggest that drug infusion by catheter is more effective if the blood supply to the treated vascular bed is temporarily blocked by a balloon catheter.
yves.kuster, francoise.helary, genevieve.lameul}@bretagne.iufm.fr RÉSUMÉ. Dans cette contribution, nous étudions un forum débat situé en formation initiale d'enseignants. Grâce à une analyse à la fois structurale et intrinsèque du contenu des échanges, appuyée sur certaines notions théoriques didactiques, nous montrons la spécificité discursive de cette forme de forum dans ses effets formatifs sur les professeurs en formation. Nous soulignons in fine tout l'intérêt de tels forums, lorsqu'ils sont intégrés au sein de dispositifs qui permettent de faire évoluer les responsabilités respectives du formateur et des formés dans le processus de formation. ABSTRACT. This article investigates the impact of an online debate (forum debate) in a teacher training programme. This study, based on several concepts used in didactic research, focuses on the impact of the forum debate on teacher trainees' professional development, by analysing its structural features and intrinsic discursive properties. It aims at showing how the integration of such a debate can create the potential for a change in the training process by assigning new roles and cognitive responsibility to both instructors and learners.
Les forums de discussion sont des modalités de formation de plus en plus répandues dans les dispositifs utilisant les TIC. Si leur mise en place ne pose aujourd'hui plus de problème d'un point de vue technique, il n'en va pas de même en ce qui concerne l'analyse des contenus qu'ils produisent. Nous nous attachons dans ce chapitre à présenter le cadre d'analyse que nous nous sommes construits au fil du temps pour approcher au plus près la dynamique et la construction de connaissances qui s'opèrent dans cette modalité de formation. Nous nous appuyons sur un cas pratique pour l'expliciter : l'analyse d'un forum-débat (54 messages postés par 33 participants sur une durée de deux mois) que nous analysons depuis plusieurs années nous permet d'apporter quelques illustrations au fil de notre présentation. Ce chapitre se veut faire un point plus spécifiquement méthodologique dans la perspective que des formateurs ou intervenants dans des forums puissent également s'en servir comme outils d'intervention.
The design and engineering of E-learning systems must be considered as a transdisciplinary problem requiring the integration of different scientific approaches. The design process of E-learning systems needs to consider several theories, models and artifacts-the e-learning system. We claim it is essential to ensure the traceability and the interpretation of phenomena related to the use of artifacts in studying precisely the relationships between theories, models and artifacts. Consequently, we develop a co-design methodology to deal with these goals. The main contribution of this paper is to describe a methodological approach enabling the co-design of problem-based learning scenarios in sciences which are based on teacher real practices acquired by means of the theory in didactic anthropology of knowledge and to show why we can formalize them in a hierarchical task model to design an adaptive E-learning system.
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