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Stoichiometric LiNbO 3 nanoparticles with regular rhombohedral morphology and high crystallinity were synthesized through a molten salt approach. The assynthesized cubic LiNbO 3 nanoparticles as nanoprobes for long-term imaging in vitro were investigated. The as-synthesized nanoprobes exhibit unique properties of long-term observation without photobleaching, flexibility in excitation wavelength, and excellent photostability. The biocompatibility of LiNbO 3 nanoprobes was determined by in vitro assay of cytotoxicity. All the tested samples presented no obvious toxicity.