The prevalence and incidence of prostate cancer is gradually increasing both in our country and in countries near and far abroad. The difficulties in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer are convincingly evidenced by the fact that the level of diagnostic errors reaches 40%. It should be noted that in assessing the differential diagnostic capabilities of the indicators of the clinical and special examination methods for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, disagreements were found in 46–77% of the analyzed clinical signs, the changes of which mainly reflect the negative nature of the effect of tumor decay products on the patient’s body. The aim of the study was to improve the early diagnosis of prostate cancer by using the mathematical method of differential diagnosis of prostate pathology, as well as the rationale for the proposed method for early diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with clinical symptoms. Using our proposed method for early diagnosis of prostate cancer makes the diagnosis not only reliable and accurate, but also independent of the level of qualification of the urologist and his personal experience, allows you to unify, optimize and personify the differential diagnosis of prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer.

Hydronephrosis refers to diseases of the urinary system, which are characterized by high prevalence. Moreover, this pathology of all obstructive uropathies, leading to a decrease in the function of the renal parenchyma, accounts for up to 15% of cases. Therefore, the search for various markers involved in the development and progression of kidney damage is particularly relevant, since in the literature there are very contradictory data. Our article presents the results of a survey of 40 patients with established and confirmed diagnosis of stage I hydronephrosis (according to the classification of N. A. Lopatkin), and 20 completely healthy people (control group). All patients initially and at the end of the study determined the levels of cytokines: IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-1ra and G-CSF. We found that patients with hydronephrosis had higher rates of pro-inflammatory components of the IL-1β system: IL-1β — 104.42 (75% CI [111.8–151.4]) pg/ml, which was significantly higher than in the control group 3.7 times. In patients with hydronephrosis, there is an increase in the levels of IL-1β, IL-1a, and G-CSF against the background of a decrease in IL-1ra. The study of the IL-1 and G-CSF systems in dynamics during hydronephrosis is a very promising direction, opening up enormous opportunities in creating effective diagnostic markers of hydronephrosis in the very early stages of the formation of this pathology. Thus, analysis of the literature indicates that damage to the renal tissue in obstructive uropathies is an extremely complex process, and the initiation of fibrogenesis processes with partial inhibition of resorption leads to remodelling of connective tissue and progression of nephrosclerosis.

Increasing the effectiveness of peritonitis treatment remains an urgent issue for abdominal urgent surgery. So far, several effective surgical technologies have been developed. However, conservative therapy in the early postoperative period is an object for development, including the target organ protection influence. The aim of the study is to determine the nephroprotective efficacy of complex treatment with remaxol in acute peritonitis. Materials and Methods. The authors examined 46 patients with acute peritonitis. The patients were divided into two groups: Groups 1 (comparison, n=26) received standardized treatment, Group 2 (main, n=20) was treated with remaxol. Research methods, in addition to routine ones, included the assessment of kidney functional state, endotoxicosis, and oxidative stress. Results. It is revealed that in acute peritonitis, the authors recorded substantial deviations in the functional state of the kidneys, such as endogenous intoxication, and oxidative stress. Maximum imbalance is diagnosed on the 1st day of the early postoperative period. The use of remaxol in the complex therapy of patients with acute peritonitis significantly improves the functional state of the kidneys, thus, optimizing the course of the early postoperative period and reducing the severity of endogenous intoxication. The positive effect of the drug is caused by its ability to manage the oxidative stress, a universal pathogenetic trigger for system and organ damage, including kidneys. Conclusions. Remaxol has a nephroprotective effect and improves the course of the early postoperative period.

Хронические опыты поставлены на беспородных собаках, которым экспериментально воспроизводился каловый перитонит. В первой группе (n=15) животным в раннем послеоперационном периоде проводилась антибактериальная и инфузионная терапия. Во второй группе (n=15) схему лечения после санации брюшной полости дополняли лазерной терапией и введением реамберина. В третьей группе (n=8) схема лечения соответствовала таковой второй группы с той лишь разницей, что включение в комплексную терапию указанных лечебных агентов производилось со 2-х суток. В контрольные этапы (1-е, 3-и, 5-е сутки) периода наблюдения животным выполняли забор крови, биопсию печени, почек и кишечника. Оценивались интенсивность эндогенной интоксикации, функциональное состояние печени, почек и кишечника. Установлено, при остром экспериментальном каловом перитоните нарушение функционального статуса печени, почек и кишечника происходит на фоне эндогенной интоксикации. Включение в комплексное лечение острого перитонита лазерной терапии и препарата метаболического типа действия повышает эффективность лечения, что проявляется существенным уменьшением функциональных расстройств исследованных органов на фоне уменьшения эндогенной интоксикации. Результативность такого рода терапии по коррекции функционального состояния органов детоксикации при отсроченном ее применении уменьшается в значительной степени. Ключевые слова: перитонит лазерная терапия, реамберин, печень, почки, кишечник, интоксикация.