Hydatid disease, a parasitic infection is caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It has serious impact on health and economy especially in countries where it is endemic. It occurs frequently in liver and lung. The disease is chronic and cyst can localize in different organs. A hydatid cyst occurrence in the head and neck is extremely rare. To know the distribution of disease can help in its control and prevention. We report a case of primary cervical hydatid cyst in 20 year old female. A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose hydatid cyst in rare locations like this. Hydatid cyst should be considered in differential diagnosis of benign swellings of head and neck region, so that it can be managed during surgery to prevent acute anaphylaxis.Virtual slidesThe virtual slides’ for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4915595218376646

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Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP), a known complication of cirrhosis Liver is an acute bacterial infection of the peritoneum. Usually no source of infection is easily identifiable. Objective: To compare the efficacy of Ciprofloxacin and Cefotaxime in Cirrhosis Liver patients with SBP. Material and Methods: This prospective, comparative, single center study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from 1st October 2017 to 31st December 2018. A total of 300 admitted patients having Cirrhosis Liver with SBP were included in this study. The patients were randomized into Group A and Group B. Group A was treated with Intravenous Ciprofloxacin and Group B was treated with Intravenous Cefotaxime given twice daily for a period of 5 days. Diagnostic peritoneal paracentesis was done before the start of the treatment and repeated after 5 days therapy. Patients who were either non cirrhotic or had secondary bacterial peritonitis were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 300 Cirrhosis Liver patients with SBP were studied in two equal randomized groups. Out of these 168 were male and 132 were female. The mean age of patients in study was 51.14±11.9 years. The age ranged between 15-75 years. In Group A, 82 percent responded to ciprofloxacin and in group B, 86 percent responded to cefotaxime. Conclusion: Both intravenous ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime are effective in treating spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with Cirrhosis Liver. Key Words: Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, Efficacy.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of ciprofloxacin with ceftriaxone in the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis inpatients with cirrhosis liver and ascites. Design: This hospital based quasi-experimental study. Setting: Department of Medicine, KhyberTeaching Hospital Peshawar. Period: October, 2009 to April, 2010. Material and Methods: A total of 200 patients were selected by nonprobabilitypurposive sampling method after obtaining an informed consent. Sample size was calculated through WHO statistical calculator. Allthe selected patients had clinical and biochemical evidence of cirrhosis liver and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Both sexes were included inthe study. They were randomly divided into two groups; group I was treated with ciprofloxacin and group II was treated with ceftriaxone.Results: 200 patients including 124 males and 76 females with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were included in the study. 100 patients eachwere treated with ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone in the two groups. 82% responded favourably to 5 days course of I/V 200mg ciprofloxacin and91% were cured with 5 days therapy of I/V 2gm ceftriaxone. Conclusions: Both ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin are equally effective in thetreatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) from theBunyaviridae family causes a highly contagious disease in human called as, Crimean-Congohemorrhagic fever (CCHF). Infection in humans leads to a serious pyrexial illness that oftenresults in death of the patient. Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of patients admitted toKhyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Peshawar-Pakistan with CCHF. Study Design: Cross-sectional,retrospective, epidemiological study. Setting: Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Peshawar-Pakistan. Period: 2016. Methods: On the basis of final outcome; death or recovery, a total of 11patients diagnosed with CCHF in the year 2016 were divided into two groups. The demographicdetails and symptomatlogy of both the groups were evaluated. Continuous variables wereanalyzed using independent sample t-test on SPSS version 16. Results: Fever was commonin patients who recovered. However, shock and coagulapathy were more commonly seen inpatients expired. The mortality rate was 36.36%. Moreover, age and platelet count on admissionwere indicators of worse outcome, P < 0.05. However, total hospital stay did not predict theoutcome, P > 0.05. Conclusion: The case fatality rate in CCHF is high. Moreover, mortalityrate has an inverse relationship with platelet count on admission and a positive one with thepatient’s age.