RESUMELe Niger fait partie des pays les plus vulnérables au monde en raison du contexte lié à son climat, son environnement et à son économie. Le pays se classe au bas de l'échelle sur la quasi-totalité des indicateurs de développement humain. L'agriculture est le secteur le plus important de l'économie du Niger. Elle représente plus de 40% du produit intérieur brut national et constitue la principale source de revenus pour plus de 80% de la population. La performance du secteur agricole est néanmoins très instable du fait de sa forte exposition aux changements climatiques. Au cours des 30 dernières années, le Niger a subi de nombreuses sécheresses, inondations, invasions des criquets et autres attaques parasitaires. Ces catastrophes portent un coup aux revenus des ménages, à la performance du secteur agricole, à l'équilibre budgétaire de l'État et au taux de croissance économique du Niger. Conscients de la nécessité de s'attaquer spécifiquement aux problèmes agricoles dans tous ses aspects, les chercheurs de l'Institut National de Recherche Agronomique du Niger, les cadres de l'Agriculture et ceux de l'Université Abdou Moumouni donnent un aperçu des contraintes de la production agricole et proposent quelques axes d'interventions pour y remédier. © 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mot clés: Agriculture, contraintes, production, changement climatique, Niger.The agricultural production system in Niger face climate change: challenges and opportunities ABSTRACTNiger is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world because of its climatic and environmental context. The country is at the bottom of the scale according to human development index. Agriculture is the most important activity in Niger. It represents more than 40% of the national gross domestic product and is the main source of income for more than 80% of the population. However, the performance of the agricultural sector is very unstable due to its high exposure to climate change. Over the past 30 years, Niger has suffered many droughts, floods, invasions of locusts and other parasitic attacks. These disasters strike a blow to the Z. ABDOUL HABOU et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 10(3): 1262-1272, 2016 1263 household income, the performance of the agricultural sector, impacted on the national budgets and the rate of economic growth. The researchers from National Institute of Agronomic Research of Niger and their colleagues from University of Niamey proposed an overview to explain the constraints of agricultural production and gave a few axes of intervention for solutions.

Jatropha curcas has been introduced into Niger since 2004 by International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). This plant is cultivated for its oil, which can be used as a Biofuel. Through direct and indirect insect collection methods, an inventory of the insect associated with J. curcas has been conducted in Western Niger during two rainy seasons (from June to October) in 2010 and 2011. We have identified insects belonging to the following families: Acrididae ( Oedaleus senegalensis Krauss , Oedaleus nigeriensis Uvarov, Heteracris leani Uvarov, Catantops stramineus Walker, Parga cyanoptera Uvarov, and Acanthacris ruficornis citrina Audinet-Serville), Pyrgomorphidae ( Poekilocerus bufonius hieroglyphicus Klug), Cetoniidae ( Pachnoda interrupta Olivier, Pachnoda marginata aurantia Herbst, Pachnoda sinuata Heinrich and McClain, and Rhabdotis sobrina Gory and Percheron), Meloidae ( Decapotoma lunata Pallas), Pentatomidae ( Agonoscelis versicoloratus Dallas, Nezara viridula Linn, and Antestia sp. Kirkaldy), Coreidae ( Leptoglossus membranaceus Fabricius and Cletus trigonus Thunberg), and Scutelleridae ( Calidea panaethiopica Kirkaldy). Origin and potential impact on J. curcas of all these insect species are presented and discussed. The lower insect’s diversity indexes are observed in 2010 and 2011 for Niamey, Saga, and Gaya because of semi-arid character of the Sahelian area.

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We report the insecticidal efficacy of Jatropha curcas seed oil against two bruchid beetle species, Callosobruchus maculatus Fab and Bruchidius atrolineatus Pic, devastating stored cowpea seeds (Vigna unguiculata). J. curcas oil concentrations ranging from 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 ml were mixed with 200 g of cowpea seeds before introduction of 10 pairs (5 males and 5 females) of C. maculatus or B. atrolineatus as the case may be. Mortality, fecundity and rate of emergence were observed and compared with untreated control and a standard (Deltamethrin). J. curcas oil reduced adult survival in both species, B. atrolineatus being more sensitive than C. maculatus. Oviposition was also reduced by 85 to 90% in the females of both species after exposure to 2.5 ml of J. curcas oil solution. Only 9% of C. maculatus nymphs emerged as adults in seeds treated with 2.5 ml of oil. In B. atrolineatus, emergence was reduced to 12% in seeds treated with 1.5 ml of oil.