Background:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health worldwide. However, its impact on medical students in Indonesia has not been well documented. This study aimed to evaluate HRQoL and mental health in 729 Indonesian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material/Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study from 31 August to 30 September 2021. The study instrument was an online questionnaire that was distributed via social media platforms. The 12-item short form version 2 (SF12v2) was used to measure HRQoL, and the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to measure mental health. Results:From 729 Indonesian medical students included in the analyses, 37.3% had impaired physical component and 66.9% had impaired mental component of HRQoL. The determinants were medical students' island of residence, history of hospitalization, and family member's hospitalization and death due to COVID-19. Concerning mental health, the prevalence of reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were 45.4%, 65.2%, and 60.9%, respectively. Sex, study method, grade, previous COVID-19 disease severity, comorbidities, previous learning experience, and history of family isolation were identified as the determinants of mental health. Conclusions:This study highlights the adverse effects of COVID-19 on HRQoL and mental health in Indonesian medical students. The results identified key associations, including SARS-CoV-2 infection and comorbidities experienced by the students, the health of their families, including grief following bereavement, and the effects of social isolation during the pandemic.

Introduction: The success of therapy did not follow the increasing number of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the relationship between diabetes distress and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients during therapy. Methods: The authors systematically searched databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, and ScienceDirect) up to January 2021. Articles were screened according to PRISMA 2020 statements. The selection criteria of this study were patients’ characteristics, type of therapy, and outcomes. Results: The search started from 1.303 articles to 17 eligible articles. Furthermore, seventeen studies included 11,976 patients. The mean HbA1c level was around 6.4% to 9.9%. The result of diabetes distress scores were five studies with low scores, eight moderate scores, and two high scores. Emotional burden and regimen-related distress were the highest domain score. Age, health facilities, and type of therapy affected diabetes distress. The correlation between diabetes distress and HbA1c was dominant in the range of 0.15 to 0.26. Conclusion: Diabetes distress had a low-moderate correlation with HbA1c. The dominant domains were emotional burden and regiment-related distress. There were two mechanisms of effect, direct by hormones and indirect through medication adherence, self-management, and 12 months of quality of life.

Introduction: Hypertension, the silent killer, affects around one billion people worldwide. Therefore, efforts are necessary to raise public awareness. Objective: This research aims to assess the interactive online health education's impact on hypertension public health domain in the productive-age population in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Method: This non-randomized quasi-experimental study assessed the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding awareness of hypertension based on the comparison of pre-tests and post-test results after a virtual educational intervention. Recruitment of the participants was performed using a consecutive sampling method. Resident living in Ketabang and Pacar Keling sub-districts of Surabaya were recruited for this study. The study consisted of thirteen participants who took participated in a three-session educational intervention delivered virtually via Zoom Cloud Meetings. The study results were gathered using pre-test and post-test questionnaires via Google Forms. The knowledge domain was compared using a paired t-test, while the attitude and practice domains were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: After the educational intervention, the research disclosed significant differences between the knowledge and practice domain's pre-test and post-test mean scores (57.69 vs. 66.92; p = 0.046; and 31 vs. 32; p = 0.020). However, an examination of the attitude domain revealed indifference (33 vs. 34; p = 0.306). The impact of intervention via interactive online learning was demonstrated in this study by considerable improvements in knowledge and practice. However, the result of participants' attitudes did not alter significantly in this study. Conclusion: This study implies that providing public health promotion and education through online platforms can be used to improve hypertension awareness. Further better-designed and wider-scaled studies with a control group are needed to confirm our findings.

New-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) has been lately observed among patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. ACE2 and TMPRSS22 receptors were found expressed in the pancreas, thus acting as an entry gate leading to infection-induced pancreatic injury. Moreover, COVID-19 and DM have been reported to interact bidirectionally, in which existing DM comorbidity increases the patient's chance of getting severe COVID-19 and vice versa. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is one of the therapy modalities given by applying administration of oxygen 100% under pressure of more than 1.4 ATA. HBOT has been shown to improve cellular function such as decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These protective effects might correlate with preserved pancreatic cells, which improved insulin homeostasis. However, the potency and mechanism of HBOT to these patients remain unclear. Hence, we conduct a review of the available evidence concerning the potential mechanisms of HBOT in improving new-onset DM among post-COVID-19 syndrome patients. Current literature showed that HBOT might be beneficial for these patients, thus this modality might be a new breakthrough for researchers and health workers considering post-COVID-19 syndrome incidence tends to rise as the pandemic grows.

Nicotine addiction has a direct effect on the occurrence of smoking-related diseases. The receptor that can increase absorption is the neuronal acetylcholine receptor alpha-3 (nAChRα3) and alpha-7 (nAChRα7). This in silico study was conducted to determine the effect of Cinnamomum verum to overcome nicotine addiction by inhibiting the target protein nAChRα3 and nAChRα7. Two hundred and eighty-one phytochemicals Cinnamomum verum were screened into nine ligands by Swiss Adme and PyRx. Molecular visualization and docking analyzes were performed using Avogadro, AutoDock 4.2., and Biovia Discovery Studio 2016. The docking results showed that 2 of 9 ligands in 4zk4 and 6 of 9 ligands in 3sq9 had hydrogen bonds. Sesquiterpenes is the compound with the highest binding affinity in two proteins. However, in 4zk4, the highest affinity with H-bond is linalool. Phenols is the second ligand that effectively binds amino acids. Phytochemicals in Cinnamomum verum potentially reduce addiction to nicotine by inhibiting the receptor and improving the neuroinflammation due to nicotine. The sesquiterpenes is the primary ligand that binds to the 4zk4 and 3sq9.