Four types of IVDD (disk degeneration, bulging of the intervertebral disk, disk protrusion, and disk extrusion) were identified on the basis of MRI findings in dogs with thoracolumbar IVDD. We recommend that a standardized nomenclature be adopted for the various types of thoracolumbar IVDD in dogs.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory and clinical effects of propofol and remifentanil anesthesia compared to propofol and fentanyl anesthesia during ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Sixteen healthy dogs were randomly assigned to two groups. After premedication with atropine, anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with the infusion of propofol at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/min. Once stable anesthesia was achieved, 1 µg/kg remifentanil or 2 µg/kg fentanyl was administered intravenously, and infusion was begun at a dose of 0.6 µg/kg/min and 0.5 µg/kg/min, respectively. Cardiorespiratory variables were recorded after propofol administration combined with remifentanil or fentanyl at 10-min intervals, and the quality of anesthesia, return of spontaneous ventilation, head lift and sternal position were also recorded. Apnea was observed after remifentanil and fentanyl administration in all dogs. Heart rate, systolic and mean arterial blood pressures tended to decrease rapidly after remifentanil and fentanyl administration, and during the first 20 min, in both groups. Although the difference between times was significant, the difference between groups was statistically insignificant. Recovery periods were longer in the fentanyl group than in the remifentanil group. The administration of propofol with remifentanil or fentanyl provides a stable haemodynamic state and depth of anesthesia with a constant infusion, and remifentanil could be preferred to fentanyl when aiming a rapid recovery period. Propofol, Remifentanil, Fentanyl, Anesthesia, Cardiorespiratory, Recovery, Dog Köpeklerde Ovariohisterektomi Operasyonunda Propofol-Remifentanil ve Propofol-Fentanil Anestezisinin Karşılaştırılması Keywords: ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı köpeklerde ovariohysterektomi operasyonunda propofol-remifentanil ile propofol-fentanil anestezisinin etkinliğini ve kardiyorespiratorik etkilerini karşılaştırmaktır. Bu amaçla 16 adet yetişkin, dişi köpek rastgele iki gruba (n=8) ayrıldı. Anesteziye atropin ile premedikasyon yapılarak başlandıktan sonra propofol ile indüksiyon yapıldı ve 0.5 mg/kg/dk dozunda propofol infüzyonuna başlandı. Stabil anesteziden sonra ilk gruba 1 µg/kg remifentanil, ikinci gruba 2 µg/kg fentanyl bolus olarak uygulandı. Remifentanil ve fentanil infüzyonu sırasıyla 0.6 µg/kg/dk ve 0.5 µg/kg/dk dozunda devam edildi. Kardiyovasküler değişiklikler propofol sonrası, remifentanil veya fentanil sonrası ve operasyon süresince 10 dakika aralıklarla kaydedildi. Anestezinin derinliği, spontan ventilasyonun başlama, kafayı kaldırma ve sternal pozisyona gelme zamanları kaydedildi. Tüm olgularda remifentanil ve fentanil uygulamasından sonra apnea oluşumu gözlendi. Her iki grupta da kalp atım hızı, sistolik (SAP) ve ortalama arteriyel basınç (MAP) değerlerinin remifentanil ve fentanil uygulanmasından sonra hızla düştüğü ve ilk 20 dakikada düşmeye devam ettiği görüldü. Bu değerlerde zaman içindeki farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olarak kaydedilirken, gruplar arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olmadığı ...

Five dogs, four small mixed breed and a Doberman Pinscher, presented in our clinic with hemivertebra. Complete physical, radiological and neurological examinations were done and the spinal deformities were characterized in accord with the Nasca classification used in human medicine. Two dogs had multiple hemivertebrae (round, oval or wedge-shaped: Type 3) in the thoracic region; one dog had an individual surplus half vertebral body (Type 1) plus a wedge-shaped hemivertebra (Type 2b) in the lumbar region; one dog had multiple hemivertebrae which were fused on one side (Type 4a) in the thoracic region; and one dog had a wedge-shaped hemivertebra (Type 2a) in the cervical region.

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