In impedance spectroscopy measurement with traditional voltammetry, the measurement accuracy will be varied due to the measured impedance, which is changed with frequencies and does not match the reference resistor. This paper proposes a portable impedance spectroscopy measurement method that the reference resistor match measured impedance rapidly and adaptively. The appropriate reference resistor is selected by the output-input amplitude ratio determination algorithm. The symmetric measurement circuit is designed to reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference, especially in high impedance measurements. Both theoretical and experimental analyses show the effectiveness of this method, the RMSEs of relative errors of the measurement results are under 2.5%, and the equivalent circuit parameters of the measured impedance can be accurately fitted.

The Morpho butterfly wing with tree-shaped alternating multilayer is an effective chemical biosensor to distinguish between ambient medium, and its detection sensitivity is inextricably linked to the measurement configuration including incident angle, azimuthal angle, and so on. In order to reveal the effects and the selection of measurement configuration. In this work, the model of the Morpho butterfly wing is built using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis method by considering its profile is a rectangular-groove grating. On basis of the above model, the reflectivity of different diffraction orders at a different incident angle and azimuthal angle is calculated, and the influence of incident angle and azimuthal angle on performance of Morpho butterfly scales-based biosensor is analyzed. The optimal incident angle at each azimuthal angle is given according to the proposed choice rule, then the azimuthal angle and the corresponding incident angle can be selected further.

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Baking treatment is one of the most important processes of cigarette production, which can significantly enhance quality of tobacco. Theoretical and numerical investigation on temperature distribution in a cigarette oven during baking was carried out. The finite volume method was used to simulate the flow field. The relationship between the uniformity of temperature field and impeller?s speed was given finally, which is helpful to optimize cigarette oven with better quality and less energy consumption.