SnO -based lithium-ion batteries have low cost and high energy density, but their capacity fades rapidly during lithiation/delithiation due to phase aggregation and cracking. These problems can be mitigated by using highly conducting black SnO , which homogenizes the redox reactions and stabilizes fine, fracture-resistant Sn precipitates in the Li O matrix. Such fine Sn precipitates and their ample contact with Li O proliferate the reversible Sn → Li Sn → Sn → SnO /SnO cycle during charging/discharging. SnO electrode has a reversible capacity of 1340 mAh g and retains 590 mAh g after 100 cycles. The addition of highly conductive, well-dispersed reduced graphene oxide further stabilizes and improves its performance, allowing 950 mAh g remaining after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g with 700 mAh g at 2.0 A g . Conductivity-directed microstructure development may offer a new approach to form advanced electrodes.

No abstract

No abstract