The objective of this study was to assess the potential anti-obesity effects of black garlic melanoidins (MLDs) and gut microbiota changes in an animal model, hypothesizing that oral administration of...

In this work, steam explosion (SE) was exploited as a potential hydrothermal-humification process of vegetable wastes to deconstruct their structure and accelerate their decomposition to prepare humified substances. Results indicated that the SE process led to the removal of hemicellulose, re-condensation of lignin, degradation of the cellulosic amorphous region, and the enhancement of thermal stability of broccoli wastes, which provided transformable substrates and a thermal-acidic reaction environment for humification. After SE treatment, total humic substances (HS), humic acids (HAs), and fulvic acids (FAs) contents of broccoli samples accounted for up to 198.3 g/kg, 42.3 g/kg, and 166.6 g/kg, and their purification were also facilitated. With the increment of SE severity, structural characteristics of HAs presented the loss of aliphatic compounds, carbohydrates, and carboxylic acids and the enrichment of aromatic structures and N-containing groups. Lignin substructures were proved to be the predominant aromatic structures and gluconoxylans were the main carbohydrates associated with lignin in HAs, both of their signals were enhanced by SE. Above results suggested that SE could promote the decomposition of easily biodegradable matters and further polycondensation, aromatization, and nitrogen-fixation reactions during humification, which were conducive to the formation of HAs.

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of different molecular weight black garlic melanoidins (MLDs) on high fat diet (HFD) induced dysrhythmia of intestinal microorganisms. The results showed that a HFD disturbed the periodic fluctuation of the gut microbiome and that oral gavage of low molecular weight melanoidin (LMM) or high molecular weight melanoidin (HMM) reversed these cyclical variations in part, which resulted in an increase in the number of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and a decrease in the oscillation of inflammation-related bacteria within a specific time period over the course of 1 day. Moreover, structural analysis showed different structure characterizations of LMM and HMM, which are related to the differences in flora oscillation. Therefore, the data showed that LMM and HMM relieve the circadian rhythm disorder of intestinal microbiota induced by a HFD in mice, which supported the further study of MLDs as a new dietary assistant strategy to improve chronic diseases.