РЕЗЮМЕ. Ревматоїдний артрит (РА) – найпоширеніша форма запального захворювання суглобів, яка спостерігається у 1 % населення земної кулі. Віковий пік хвороби припадає на п’яте десятиліття (для жінок – у середньому близько 41 року, для чоловіків – близько 45 років). Жінки хворіють на ревматоїдний артрит у 2–4 рази частіше. Співвідношення жінок і чоловіків становить у середньому 3:1. Згідно з міжнародними даними, виживання пацієнтів із РА, які не досягають клініко-лабораторної ремісії, можна порівняти з виживанням при таких тяжких захворюваннях як цукровий діабет, гостре порушення мозкового кровообігу, ішемічна хвороба серця. Порівняно з особами тієї ж статі й віку, що не страждають на РА, смертність у пацієнтів з цією патологією вища у 2,5 раза, а в цілому з різних причин РА скорочує тривалість життя пацієнтів на 5–10 років. Це захворювання є не лише великою медичною проблемою через прогресуючий характер, непередбачуваність та недостатню ефективність лікування, а й має велике соціальне значення через високу частоту втрати працездатності та зростання інвалідності. Окрім того, РА дуже впливає на повсякденне життя пацієнтів, оскільки непередбачуване прогресування хвороби викликає у хворих страх перед майбутнім. Хворі на РА занепокоєні з приводу зростання обмеження рухливості та побічних ефектів лікування. У них з’являється страх втрати можливості обслуговувати себе, що змінює самосвідомість і негативно впливає на всі сфери життя таких пацієнтів: роботу, дозвілля, оточення, поведінку, сімейні стосунки, сексуальну активність. Тому для ефективного лікування та реабілітації таких хворих доцільно створити команду фахівців (лікуючий лікар, фармаколог, психолог, дієтолог, фізичний терапевт і ерготерапевт), які будуть супроводжувати хворого на всіх етапах лікування (у стаціонарі, санаторії та у домашніх умовах).
Most of the current programs of physical rehabilitation of students of a special medical group (hereinafter - SMG) are aimed only at a separate contingent depending on the type of nosology, which complicates the work of the teacher and reduces the effectiveness of classes for other students. In fact, no physical rehabilitation programs have been developed for female students who have the highest reproductive potential. Therefore, the creation of a rehabilitation program that will not only be able to cover students with various diseases, but will also be useful for the prevention of risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases (CHD) as the most acute demographic problem is relevant. The purpose of the study is to develop, scientifically substantiate and test the program of physical rehabilitation of students of a special medical group, taking into account motor disorders. The developed program of physical rehabilitation of SMG students taking into account motor impairments had a complex character and included the following elements: lifestyle modification, kinesitherapy (with stoppage of fitness yoga, functional training, aerobic training) (swimming, fitness, jogging, health) self-massage with the Lyapko applicator. The control group included 24 individuals, the experimental group consisted of two groups of 24 individuals. The following methods were used to solve the research tasks: analysis of scientific and special literature, surveys and questionnaires, pedagogical testing, methods of determining indicators of physical development, physical fitness and functional state of the organism, methods of mathematical statistics. After the implementation of the developed program of physical rehabilitation for female students, a decrease in the number and intensity of modified risk factors for CHD due to increased physical activity, reduction of bad habits was determined; reducing the number of complaints. Studies on the effectiveness of the program of physical rehabilitation of female students, taking into account motor impairments, tested on a sufficient number of female students of the special medical group, have confirmed data and can serve as a basis for practical implementation of this program.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created global problems around the world, and because of the great international health threat, the World Health Organization has recognized its spread as a pandemic. The severity of the disease may be mild, moderate, severe and critical. There are such peculiarities of COVID-19 as changes in the lungs with a tendency to develop rapidly progressive atypical pneumonia, the course of which is often complicated by acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and in the future, there is a risk of pulmonary fibrosis and, consequently, chronic respiratory failure. Quite common cases of long COVID, which includes ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome, are characterized by persistent pulmonary dysfunction, muscle weakness, pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, decreased exercise tolerance, occupational problems, and poor quality of life. Appropriate protocols have been developed for the treatment of patients with COVID-19, which are constantly updated and supplemented. Concerning methods of physical therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation in the management of patients with COVID-19, they are elaborated insufficiently, especially for patients in acute and post-acute phases of the disease. Rational use of means and methods of physical therapy in combination with pharmacological treatment and psychotherapy will allow mobilizing, as much as possible, restorative and compensatory resources of patients with COVID-19 in overcoming disease at all phases, irrespective of a place of treatment and rehabilitation. Therefore, standards of care for patients with COVID-19 should include an optimal set of methods of physical therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation, taking into account the period and severity of the disease, including critical disease in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. The education of a patient and people from his immediate surroundings with the aim of their active participation in the process of treatment and rehabilitation is very important. In the implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation programs, methods of distant communication with patients should be used as much as possible, and if they are unable, live courses with strict adherence to anti-epidemic measures should be provided. Taking into account all aspects of treatment and rehabilitation will help patients recover as quickly as possible and return to active life, as well as prevent the development of complications of the disease and the spread of infection
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of physical therapy in the rehabilitation of persons who have suffered from COVID-19 pneumonia, in terms of its effect on health-related quality of life and functional status of patients. Materials and methods. Using the questionnaire, an anonymous survey of 68 people who suffered from COVID-19 pneumonia was conducted: 27 men and 41 women aged 18-90 years (median – 58 years). To determine the effectiveness of physical therapy, we used the assessment of quality of life on a 100-point percentage scale and the level of functioning on the scale of Post-COVID-19 Functional Status. Results and discussion. Among the examined persons, physical therapy was carried out only in 37 cases (54%). Two groups of patients were formed: group 1 (37 people) – with the use of physical therapy, group 2 (31 people) – without the use. Physical therapy methods were positioning, breathing exercises, aerobic exercises for different muscle groups, walking, and swimming. In group 1, 23 people out of 35 (66%) followed prone positioning, while in group 2 – only 4 people out of 21 (19%) (p=0.001). The vast majority of patients in group 1, 31 out of 34 (91%), were engaged in physical therapy on one's own (participation of rehabilitators was only in 2 cases, 6%), and they mainly used Internet resources to study the physical therapy techniques (18 out of 29, 62%). According to the quality of life before the onset of the disease, groups 1 and 2 did not differ from each other (respectively, 80.7 ± 13.3% vs 82.6 ± 11.5%, p >0.05). After the acute period of the disease, the quality of life decreased more prominent in people of group 1 and was 58.1 ± 17.0% against 66.8 ± 15.4% in group 2 (p=0.026). After recovery, the quality of life of patients of group 1 significantly increased in relation to the state after the acute period compared to group 2, namely by 15.9 ± 11.5% vs 9.7 ± 8.9%, respectively (p=0.019). In patients who started physical therapy in the acute phase of the disease (9 out of 25, 36%), compared to those who started physical therapy only in the post-acute phase (16 people, 64%), there was a significantly less pronounced decrease in the quality of life after the acute phase compared with the condition before the onset of the disease (respectively, by 11.1 ± 7.8% vs 30.0 ± 14.1%, p=0.002). In general, 28 patients out of 30 people (93%) of group 1 indicated the effectiveness of the rehabilitation, most often a good effect (21 people, 70%). Level of functioning on the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status scale significantly improved compared to the state before the start of rehabilitation (respectively, 0.83 ± 1.07 vs 1.9 ± 3.0, p=0.008). However, the quality of life after recovery in group 1 did not reach the level that was before the disease (respectively, 74.1 ± 13.0% vs 80.7 ± 13.3%, p=0.001), which was also observed in group 2. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate efficiency of the use of physical therapy for the rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Physical therapy should be started already in the acute phase of the disease, as it contributes to a less pronounced deterioration of the quality of life after this phase
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